338 research outputs found
Analytical Evaluation of Coverage-Oriented Femtocell Network Deployment
This paper proposes a coverage-oriented femtocell network deployment scheme,
in which the femtocell base stations (BSs) can decide whether to be active or
inactive depending on their distances from the macrocell BSs. Specifically, as
the areas close to the macrocell BSs already have satisfactory cellular
coverage, the femtocell BSs located inside such areas are kept to be inactive.
Thus, all the active femtocells are located in the poor macrocell coverage
areas. Based on a stochastic geometric framework, the coverage probability can
be analyzed with tractable results. Surprisingly, the results show that the
proposed scheme, although with a lower defacto femtocell density, can achieve
better coverage performance than that keeping all femtocells in the entire
network to be active. The analytical results further identify the achievable
optimal performance of the new scheme, which provides mobile operators a
guideline for femtocell deployment and operation.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, published in IEEE International Conference on
Communications (ICC'13
Designing energy-efficient wireless access networks: LTE and LTE-advanced
As large energy consumers, base stations need energy-efficient wireless access networks. This article compares the design of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks to energy-efficient LTE-Advanced networks. LIE-Advanced introduces three new functionalities - carrier aggregation, heterogeneous networks, and extended multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) support. The authors develop a power consumption model for LIE and LIE-Advanced macrocell and femtocell base stations, along with an energy efficiency measure. They show that LIE-Advanced's carrier aggregation and MIMO improve networks' energy efficiency up to 400 and 450 percent, respectively
A comparative investigation on the application and performance of Femtocell against Wi-Fi networks in an indoor environment
Due to the strenuous demands on the available spectrum and bandwidth, alongside the ever increasing rate at which data traffic is growing and the poor quality of experience QoE) faced with indoor communications, in order for cellular networks to remain dominant in areas pertaining to voice and data services, cellular service providers have to reform their marketing and service delivery strategies together with their overall network rchitecture. To accomplish this leap forward in performance, cellular service operators need to employ a network topology, which makes use of a mix of macrocells and small cells, effectively evolving the network, bringing it closer to the end-Ââuser. This investigation explores the use of small cell technology, specifically Femtocell technology in comparison to the already employed Wi-ÂâFi technology as a viable solution to poor indoor communications.The performance evolution is done by comparing key areas in the
every day use of Internet communications. These include HTTP testing, RTP testing and VoIP testing. Results are explained and the modes of operation of both technologies are compared
Signal behaviour in an indoor environment: femtocell over macrocell
Abstract: In this paper, we consider femtocells over macrocell for improved signal, good quality of voice calling, data and Internet use in the indoor environment, where there is poor reception of signals. Mobile networks have become most frequent means of communication in well-developed areas and some other places in the world for communication and business purposes. Therefore, the deployment of femtocells has drawn the attention of mobile industry experts, researcher and other standardization organizations over macrocells. The interesting part of the femtocell is that it improves coverage, enhances the data rate at the indoor environment and more so used for security purpose. We focus on benefits of deployment of femtocells and how femtocells can optimize the total capacity of mobile network where there is poor reception. In this paper, we simulate the signal behavior of femtocell over macrocell in an indoor setting, to illustrate that femtocell improved signal and voice calling in an indoor environment
EFFECT OF SHADOWING AND MULTIPATH FADING ON THE AREA SPECTRAL FOR CELL-EDGE USERS IN HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS
irrespective of their location. The traditional macro-only network have been proved ineffective when communication signal is required for users located in the cell edge and a certain distance away from the macrocell base station. This is because of excess attenuation of the signal due to fading and shadowing. Multipath fading and shadowing are major causes of performance degradation in mobile communication systems. This phenomenon which arises as a result of propagation effects (like scattering, diffraction and reflection), renders the traditional macro-only network communication with users far away from the macrocell base station and located in the cell edge less effective. The deployment of femtocells around the cell edge of this macrocell helps to reduce the effect of fading and shadowing thereby increasing the overall efficiency of the cellular network. Numerical simulation carried out for the macro-femto heterogeneous network using MATLAB shows how the effect of fading and shadowing was reduced. This holds a great promise for adaptive space-based wireless sensor networks, formation-flying satellites and constellations. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v35i2.2
Scenario driven requirement engineering for design and deployment of mobile communication networks
The numbers of users and usage of mobile data service are increasing dramatically due to the introduction of smartphones and mobile broadband dongles. For the next decade the mobile broadband market is expected to grow and reach a level where the average data consumption per user is orders of magnitude greater than today. For the telecom industry it is a magnificent challenge to design and deploy these s high-capacity wireless networks taking into account limitations in cost, energy and radio spectrum. The objective of this paper is to highlight the need to consider a multitude of scenarios for the requirements, design and deployment of mobile broad band networks. The R&D has for many years been targeting high peak data rates enabled by improved spectral efficiency, adding more spectrum bands, aggregation of frequency bands and offloading to local wireless networks connected via public fixed phones or broadband. However, many of these features driving the technology development are representative for the conditions in US and Western Europe. The wireless networks also need to be designed assuming deployment in regions in the world where both the availability of spectrum as well as the penetration of fixed phones and broadband are limited. --Mobile broadband networks,cost and capacity,spectrum,deployment strategies,telecommunications,management of technology and R&D,economic development of natural resources
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Radio network management in cognitive LTE-Femtocell Systems
This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University London.There is a strong uptake of femtocell deployment as small cell application
platforms in the upcoming LTE networks. In such two-tier networks of LTEfemtocell
base stations, a large portion of the assigned spectrum is used
sporadically leading to underutilisation of valuable frequency resources.
Novel spectrum access techniques are necessary to solve these current spectrum
inefficiency problems. Therefore, spectrum management solutions should have
the features to improve spectrum access in both temporal and spatial manner.
Cognitive Radio (CR) with the Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) is considered
to be the key technology in this research in order to increase the spectrum
efficiency. This is an effective solution to allow a group of Secondary Users
(SUs) to share the radio spectrum initially allocated to the Primary User (PUs) at
no interference.
The core aim of this thesis is to develop new cognitive LTE-femtocell systems
that offer a 4G vision, to facilitate the radio network management in order to
increase the network capacity and further improve spectrum access probabilities.
In this thesis, a new spectrum management model for cognitive radio networks is
considered to enable a seamless integration of multi-access technology with
existing networks. This involves the design of efficient resource allocation
algorithms that are able to respond to the rapid changes in the dynamic wireless
environment and primary users activities. Throughout this thesis a variety of
network upgraded functions are developed using application simulation
scenarios. Therefore, the proposed algorithms, mechanisms, methods, and system
models are not restricted in the considered networks, but rather have a wider
applicability to be used in other technologies.
This thesis mainly investigates three aspects of research issues relating to the
efficient management of cognitive networks: First, novel spectrum resource
management modules are proposed to maximise the spectrum access by rapidly
detecting the available transmission opportunities. Secondly, a developed pilot
power controlling algorithm is introduced to minimise the power consumption by
considering mobile position and application requirements. Also, there is
investigation on the impact of deploying different numbers of femtocell base
stations in LTE domain to identify the optimum cell size for future networks.
Finally, a novel call admission control mechanism for mobility management is
proposed to support seamless handover between LTE and femtocell domains.
This is performed by assigning high speed mobile users to the LTE system to
avoid unnecessary handovers.
The proposed solutions were examined by simulation and numerical analysis to
show the strength of cognitive femtocell deployment for the required
applications. The results show that the new system design based on cognitive
radio configuration enable an efficient resource management in terms of
spectrum allocation, adaptive pilot power control, and mobile handover. The
proposed framework and algorithms offer a novel spectrum management for self organised LTE-femtocell architecture.
Eventually, this research shows that certain architectures fulfilling spectrum
management requirements are implementable in practice and display good
performance in dynamic wireless environments which recommends the
consideration of CR systems in LTE and femtocell networks
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Self-organising network management for heterogeneous LTE-advanced networks
This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University LondonSince 2004, when the Long Term Evolution (LTE) was first proposed to be publicly available in the year 2009, a plethora of new characteristics, techniques and applications have been constantly enhancing it since its first release, over the past decade. As a result, the research aims for LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) have been released to create a ubiquitous and supportive network for mobile users. The incorporation of heterogeneous networks (HetNets) has been proposed as one of the main enhancements of LTE-A systems over the existing LTE releases, by proposing the deployment of small-cell applications, such as femtocells, to provide more coverage and quality of service (QoS) within the network, whilst also reducing capital expenditure. These principal advantages can be obtained at the cost of new challenges such as inter-cell interference, which occurs when different network applications share the same frequency channel in the network. In this thesis, the main challenges of HetNets in LTE-A platform have been addressed and novel solutions are proposed by using self-organising network (SON) management approaches, which allows the cooperative cellular systems to observe, decide and amend their ongoing operation based on network conditions. The novel SON algorithms are modelled and simulated in OPNET modeler simulation software for the three processes of resource allocation, mobility management and interference coordination in multi-tier macro-femto networks. Different channel allocation methods based on cooperative transmission, frequency reuse and dynamic spectrum access are investigated and a novel SON sub-channel allocation method is proposed based on hybrid fractional frequency reuse (HFFR) scheme to provide dynamic resource allocation between macrocells and femtocells, while avoiding co-tier and cross-tier interference. Mobility management is also addressed as another important issue in HetNets, especially in hand-ins from macrocell to femtocell base stations. The existing research considers a limited number of methods for handover optimisation, such as signal strength and call admission control (CAC) to avoid unnecessary handovers, while our novel SON handover management method implements a comprehensive algorithm that performs sensing process, as well as resource availability and user residence checks to initiate the handover process at the optimal time. In addition to this, the novel femto over macro priority (FoMP) check in this process also gives the femtocell target nodes priority over the congested macrocells in order to improve the QoS at both the network tiers. Inter-cell interference, as the key challenge of HetNets, is also investigated by research on the existing time-domain, frequency-domain and power control methods. A novel SON interference mitigation algorithm is proposed, which is based on enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) with power control process. The 3-phase power control algorithm contains signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) measurements, channel quality indicator (CQI) mapping and transmission power amendments to avoid the occurrence of interference due to the effects of high transmission power. The results of this research confirm that if heterogeneous systems are backed-up with SON management strategies, not only can improve the network capacity and QoS, but also the new network challenges such as inter-cell interference can also be mitigated in new releases of LTE-A network
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