A Cyber Forensics Needs Analysis Survey: Revisiting the Domain\u27s Needs a Decade Later

The number of successful cyber attacks continues to increase, threatening financial and personal security worldwide. Cyber/digital forensics is undergoing a paradigm shift in which evidence is frequently massive in size, demands live acquisition, and may be insufficient to convict a criminal residing in another legal jurisdiction. This paper presents the findings of the first broad needs analysis survey in cyber forensics in nearly a decade, aimed at obtaining an updated consensus of professional attitudes in order to optimize resource allocation and to prioritize problems and possible solutions more efficiently. Results from the 99 respondents gave compelling testimony that the following will be necessary in the future: 1) better education/training/certification (opportunities, standardization, and skill-sets); 2) support for cloud and mobile forensics; 3) backing for and improvement of open-source tools 3) research on encryption, malware, and trail obfuscation; 4) revised laws (specific, up-to-date, and which protect user privacy); 5) better communication, especially between/with law enforcement (including establishing new frameworks to mitigate problematic communication); 6) more personnel and funding

The Male Army Nurse Corps Officer Experience in the Vietnam Conflict

Background: A considerable amount of research has been conducted on the wartime experiences of female nurses who served in the Vietnam conflict and as a result, much is known about their experiences and the impact that their service had on their personal and professional lives. The same, however, is not true for male nurses. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the experiences of male Army Nurse Corps (ANC) Officers may have been substantially different from that of their female colleagues, thus making the impact of the experience on them potentially different. Overall Objective: This study explores and interprets the lived experiences of a purposive sample (n=17) of male nurses who served in the Vietnam conflict. The specific aims are: Aim 1: Explore the study participants’ perceptions prior to entry into the Army Nurse Corps. Aim 2: Identify the accounts of their experiences during their deployment to Vietnam. Aim 3: Describe the impact that service in Vietnam had on their professional and personal lives after their return to the United States. Aim 4: Generate hypotheses for future studies utilizing male nurses who served in Vietnam as the study population with potential for comparison with nurses in subsequent conflicts. Methods: Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to identify and assess the perceptions and attitudes of a purposive sample of 17 US Army Nurse Corps (ANC) officers who served one tour of duty in Vietnam from 1965 to 1971. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured four-part interviews with study participants, average age 26.2 years at time of deployment, who were recruited through military Internet sites. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, analyzed, and interpreted to gain insight into the experiences of male ANC officers prior to, during, and following their deployment to Vietnam. Results: There are clearly identifiable differences in the experiences of males nurses who served in Vietnam when compared to their female colleagues. These include differences in access to basic nursing education, the threat of the draft, and being assigned positions in Vietnam at least partly because they were male. However, participants deny a negative impact, and though a few experienced PTSD, most identified their war experience as a value to professional advancement. As demonstrated in the findings of this study, this group appear to be a well-adjusted successful cohort with little negative long-term impact that they associate with their time in Vietnam, though perhaps a selective sample. Various themes emerged across interviews, notably, resilience following repeated trauma, empathy for others, downplaying the significance of their individual contributions, and pride in their involvement in wartime nursing. Discussion: This study represents the first identified systematic study utilizing male nurses in the US military who served in the Vietnam Conflict as the study population. Given the impact the experience of providing nursing care in a combat area has been shown to have on individuals, expanding the knowledge to include this cohort increases our understanding of this phenomena. Findings of this study: 1) represent the lived experiences of a select sample of male ANC nurses who served in the Vietnam Conflict and the consequences of their service; 2) provide information useful in the selection, training, and aftercare of individuals who provide nursing care under combat conditions; 3) provide insight into the long term effects of providing conflict nursing care; and 4) generate hypotheses for further studies. There are clearly some identifiable differences in the experiences of male nurses who served in Vietnam when compared to their female colleagues. These include differences in access to basic nursing education, the threat of the draft, and being assigned positions in Vietnam at least partly because they were male. However, in their interpretation of their experiences, these factors appear to have had limited negative impact on this cohort of male ANC officers. Their self described success in navigating extreme emotional situations that were physically and professionally challenging and largely viewing them as an opportunity for growth illustrates the resilience discernible throughout the interviews. Study participants emerged, largely, as highly functioning individuals. This characteristic is illustrated, in part, by their significant career success. As demonstrated in the findings of this study, participants describe themselves as a well adjusted and successful cohort with some negative impact that they associate with their time in Vietnam. Future studies of this population would likely expand these findings by utilizing more inclusive sampling methodology. Given the complete lack of preparation study participants received when transitioning from Vietnam back to the United States, future studies regarding the long term efficacy of transitioning programs afforded returning nurses in current conflicts would be beneficial

Using internet simulation games to train prehospital providers for mass casualty response

During a disaster emergency medical services (EMS) plays a critical role in supporting mass casualty response. However, the processes and procedures used in a disaster are different than those which the prehospital providers encounter during routine emergency response. With limited time and resources, new approaches to training should be considered. This thesis presents research on EMS training, disaster response, distance learning, and instructional technology. Survey and interview results are analyzed providing a foundation for the development of a proposed software model using Internet simulation games to train prehospital providers for mass casualty response

Applied Cyberpsychology: Military and Defence Applications

Virtual environments are synthetic computer simulations that represent activities at a high degree of realism. Virtual environments have numerous applications for military and defence purposes, ranging from allowing personnel to experience realistic, high-pressure situations with a sense of presence, but in the absence of real world risk, to modelling threats to national and international infrastructure to improve resilience. Emerging opportunities also exist for communication and intelligence gathering, exploring on-line social cognition and group behaviour, and understanding how to mitigate the negative effects of combat-related stress disorders, for example. In this chapter we introduce psychological theory and contemporary cyberpsychology research, and offer an albeit very brief introduction to the rapidly developing application of technology to better understand human behaviour and facilitate performance for military and defence purposes

Veteran‐centred content in medical education

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147769/1/tct12775_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147769/2/tct12775.pd

Navy Nurses\u27 Experiences during Operation Unified Assistance Aboard the USNS MERCY: A Grounded Theory Study

On December 26, 2004, the most powerful earthquake in 40 years erupted under the Indian Ocean triggering a deadly tsunami that devastated 11 Asian and African countries and killed more than 280,000. The US Navy responded through Operation Unified Assistance (OUA). In a historic first on the hospital ship USNS MERCY, the U.S. Navy deployed one team with members from the Navy, the U.S Public Health Service, a non-government organization (NGO), and a civilian mariner crew to provide humanitarian aid. Despite these efforts, there is a dearth of scholarly research work published on nurses\u27 experiences during the disaster. The purpose of this original study was to explain Navy nurses\u27 preparation, practice, and collaboration aboard the USNS MERCY during OUA. The study\u27s purpose was carried out through a grounded theory methodology. IRB approval was granted by the Naval Medical Center San Diego and the University of San Diego. A purposive convenience sample of Navy nurses was recruited through advertisements and word of mouth. Participants were Navy nurses who took part in OUA on the USNS MERCY. Sample size currently was 11. Interviews took place from July 2006 to October 2006. Data were collected from interviews, observations, field notes, memos, and a demographic tool. Data were categorized, coded, and compared to incoming data as is fundamental to grounded theory\u27s constant comparative method. Data were analyzed using Strauss & Corbin\u27s open coding, axial coding, and selective coding methods. Demographic data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. A theoretical model was developed to illustrate how Navy nurses experienced the readiness of Operation Unified Assistance through the roles they served and the relationships they encountered. Readiness was the overarching theme and was instrumental for the participants during their journey from packing their seabags, to steaming west, to engaging in humanitarian nursing. The participants\u27 mindsets, knowledge, skill sets, and coping mechanisms contributed to their readiness. This readiness was significant in helping the participants overcome challenges and difficulties they faced during the phases of the mission. The participants recounted how they responded and reacted to roles as a Navy sailor, Navy nurse, Naval Officer, and Ambassador of the U.S. The participants also shed light on their relationships with others, highlighting how they communicated with patients and their families, translators, NGO nurses from Project Hope, and hospital corpsmen. Overall, the participants fondly recounted their readiness to meet the mission and accomplish tasks. To be prepared for future like missions, the participants recommended: current proficiency in transcultural medical-surgical nursing for patients and families of all ages; public health education skills; and primary care skills. Ultimately, a program of research in this area will involve an integration of both qualitative and quantitative studies, addressing the intersection of the needs of registered nurses and indigenous peoples alike. Future studies on moral distress, deployment coping mechanisms, and use of pediatric and mental health advance practice nurses to address nursing stressors unique to humanitarian missions

Applied Cyberpsychology: Military and Defence Applications

Virtual environments are synthetic computer simulations that represent activities at a high degree of realism. Virtual environments have numerous applications for military and defence purposes, ranging from allowing personnel to experience realistic, high-pressure situations with a sense of presence, but in the absence of real world risk, to modelling threats to national and international infrastructure to improve resilience. Emerging opportunities also exist for communication and intelligence gathering, exploring on-line social cognition and group behaviour, and understanding how to mitigate the negative effects of combat-related stress disorders, for example. In this chapter we introduce psychological theory and contemporary cyberpsychology research, and offer an albeit very brief introduction to the rapidly developing application of technology to better understand human behaviour and facilitate performance for military and defence purposes

Artificial intelligence and UK national security: Policy considerations

RUSI was commissioned by GCHQ to conduct an independent research study into the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for national security purposes. The aim of this project is to establish an independent evidence base to inform future policy development regarding national security uses of AI. The findings are based on in-depth consultation with stakeholders from across the UK national security community, law enforcement agencies, private sector companies, academic and legal experts, and civil society representatives. This was complemented by a targeted review of existing literature on the topic of AI and national security. The research has found that AI offers numerous opportunities for the UK national security community to improve efficiency and effectiveness of existing processes. AI methods can rapidly derive insights from large, disparate datasets and identify connections that would otherwise go unnoticed by human operators. However, in the context of national security and the powers given to UK intelligence agencies, use of AI could give rise to additional privacy and human rights considerations which would need to be assessed within the existing legal and regulatory framework. For this reason, enhanced policy and guidance is needed to ensure the privacy and human rights implications of national security uses of AI are reviewed on an ongoing basis as new analysis methods are applied to data

No soldiers left behind: An IoT-based low-power military mobile health system design

© 2013 IEEE. There has been an increasing prevalence of ad-hoc networks for various purposes and applications. These include Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) and Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) which have emerging applications in health monitoring as well as user location tracking in emergency settings. Further applications can include real-Time actuation of IoT equipment, and activation of emergency alarms through the inference of a user\u27s situation using sensors and personal devices through a LPWAN. This has potential benefits for military networks and applications regarding the health of soldiers and field personnel during a mission. Due to the wireless nature of ad-hoc network devices, it is crucial to conserve battery power for sensors and equipment which transmit data to a central server. An inference system can be applied to devices to reduce data size for transfer and subsequently reduce battery consumption, however this could result in compromising accuracy. This paper presents a framework for secure automated messaging and data fusion as a solution to address the challenges of requiring data size reduction whilst maintaining a satisfactory accuracy rate. A Multilayer Inference System (MIS) was used to conserve the battery power of devices such as wearables and sensor devices. The results for this system showed a data reduction of 97.9% whilst maintaining satisfactory accuracy against existing single layer inference methods. Authentication accuracy can be further enhanced with additional biometrics and health data information