Scaling Effect of Fused ASTER-MODIS Land Surface Temperature in an Urban Environment

There is limited research in land surface temperatures (LST) simulation using image fusion techniques, especially studies addressing the downscaling effect of LST image fusion. LST simulation and associated downscaling effect can potentially benefit the thermal studies requiring both high spatial and temporal resolutions. This study simulated LSTs based on observed Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST imagery with Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model, and investigated the downscaling effect of LST image fusion at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 250, 500, and 1000 m spatial resolutions. The study area partially covered the City of Los Angeles, California, USA, and surrounding areas. The reference images (observed ASTER and MODIS LST imagery) were acquired on 04/03/2007 and 07/01/2007, with simulated LSTs produced for 4/28/2007. Three image resampling methods (Cubic Convolution, Bilinear Interpolation, and Nearest Neighbor) were used during the downscaling and upscaling processes, and the resulting LST simulations were compared. Results indicated that the observed ASTER LST and simulated ASTER LST images (date 04/28/2007, spatial resolution 90 m) had high agreement in terms of spatial variations and basic statistics based on a comparison between the observed and simulated ASTER LST maps. Urban developed lands possessed higher LSTs with lighter tones and mountainous areas showed dark tones with lower LSTs. The Cubic Convolution and Bilinear Interpolation resampling methods yielded better results over Nearest Neighbor resampling method across the scales from 15 to 1000 m. The simulated LSTs with image fusion can be used as valuable inputs in heat related studies that require frequent LST measurements with fine spatial resolutions, e.g., seasonal movements of urban heat islands, monthly energy budget assessment, and temperature-driven epidemiology. The observation of scale-independency of the proposed image fusion method can facilitate with image selections of LST studies at various locations

Non-local tensor completion for multitemporal remotely sensed images inpainting

Remotely sensed images may contain some missing areas because of poor weather conditions and sensor failure. Information of those areas may play an important role in the interpretation of multitemporal remotely sensed data. The paper aims at reconstructing the missing information by a non-local low-rank tensor completion method (NL-LRTC). First, nonlocal correlations in the spatial domain are taken into account by searching and grouping similar image patches in a large search window. Then low-rankness of the identified 4-order tensor groups is promoted to consider their correlations in spatial, spectral, and temporal domains, while reconstructing the underlying patterns. Experimental results on simulated and real data demonstrate that the proposed method is effective both qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, the proposed method is computationally efficient compared to other patch based methods such as the recent proposed PM-MTGSR method

Monitoring Vegetation Change by Using Remote Sensing: An Examination of Visitor-Induced Impact at Cadillac Mountain, Acadia National Park

Cadillac Mountain, the highest peak along the eastern seaboard in the United States, is a major visitor destination at Acadia National Park. Managing vegetation impact on the summit of Cadillac Mountain is extremely challenging given the number of users and dispersed nature of visitor use at this fragile environmental setting. Since 2000, more intensive management strategies based on placing physical barriers to protect threatened vegetation and leave no trace signs have been employed to reduce vegetation impact and enhance vegetation recovery in the vicinity of the summit loop trail. A number of different change detection techniques and high resolution remote sensing datasets were utilized to identify vegetation impact and recovery from 1979 to 2007. The detection of spatial pattern of vegetation impact and recovery was at a much larger scale than typical recreation ecology studies. Study results showed detailed measurable vegetation regrowth and reduction at distances up to 90 meters from the summit loop trail, indicating overall positive effects in enhancing vegetation recovery in the vicinity of the summit loop trail compared to a nearby control site with similar environmental conditions but no visitor use. As expected, the vegetation recovery was higher as one moved away from the trail itself, and recovery was observed at a higher rate in the intermediate zone where visitor disturbance and ability for sites to regenerate would be higher than more natural variation of regrowth in the outer buffer zone with less visitor activity. It should be noted that overall minimal gains in vegetation regrowth was observed from 2001 to 2007, but compared with the time period of 1979 to 2001 there was more regrowth and less observed vegetation loss but total vegetation has not recovered to 1979 levels. The results also showed that, although with much less resolution than typical recreation ecology studies, vegetation diversity was lower at the experimental site at the level of plant family, suggesting limited success with enhancing vegetation diversity during the analysis time frame. Vegetation change detection using high resolution remote sensing datasets offers an approach for monitoring vegetation change dynamics and to some degree plant diversity, especially for a recreation setting in a sub-alpine environment with limited overstory vegetation such as the case at the summit of Cadillac Mountain. Remote sensing analysis could provide valuable baseline information for future visitorinduced impact monitoring programs and especially for dispersed recreation sites such as Cadillac Mountain

Modèles de fusion et diffusion par équations aux dérivées partielles (application à la sismique azimutale)

Ce mémoire porte sur le développement de nouvelles méthodes de fusion d images à partir d un formalisme à base d Equations aux Dérivées Partielles (EDP). Les deux premiers chapitres bibliographiques portent sur les 2 domaines au centre de notre problématique : la fusion et les EDP. Le Chapitre 3 est consacré à la présentation progressive de notre modèle EDP de fusion constitué par un terme de fusion (diffusion inverse isotrope) et un terme de régularisation. De plus, un des attraits de l approche EDP est de pouvoir traiter avec le formalisme des données bruitées. L association d un terme de diffusion dépendant du type de données à traiter est donc abordée. Le chapitre 4 est consacré à l application des modèles de fusion-diffusion aux données sismiques. Pour répondre aux besoins de filtrage de ces données sismiques, nous proposons deux méthodes originales de diffusion 3D. Nous présenterons dans ce mémoire l approche de fusion 3D intégrant une de ces méthodes nommée SFPD (Seismic Fault Preserving Diffusion).This thesis focuses on developing new methods for image fusion based on Partial Differential Equations (PDE). The starting point of the proposed fusion approach is the enhancement process contained in most classical diffusion models. The aim of enhancing contours is similar to one of the purpose of the fusion: the relevant information (equivalent to the contours) must be found in the output image. In general, the contour enhancement uses an inverse diffusion equation. In our model of fusion, the evolution of each input image is led by such equation. This single equation must necessarily be accompanied by a global information detector useful to select the signal to be injected. In addition, an inverse diffusion equation, like any Gaussian deconvolution, raises problems of stability and regularization of the solution. To resolve these problems, a regularization term is integrated into the model. The general model of fusion is finally similar to an evolving cooperative system, where the information contained in each image starts moving towards relevant information, leading to a convergent process. The essential interest of PDE approach is to deal with noisy data by combining in a natural way two processes: fusion and diffusion. The fusion-diffusion proposed model is easy to adapt to different types of data by tuning the PDE. In order to adapt the fusion-diffusion model to a specific application, I propose 2 diffusion models: Seismic fault preserving diffusion and 3D directional diffusion . The aim is to denoise 3D seismic data. These models are integrated into the fusion-diffusion approach. One of them is successfully transferred to the industrial partner: french oil company Total. The efficiency of our models (fusion and fusion-diffusion) is proven through an experimental plan in both noisy and noisy-free data.BORDEAUX1-Bib.electronique (335229901) / SudocSudocFranceF