Slide rule-type color chart predicts reproduced photo tones

Slide rule-type color chart determines the final reproduced gray tones in the production of briefing charts that are photographed in black and white. The chart shows both the color by drafting paint manufacturers name and mixture number, and the gray tone resulting from black and white photographic reproduction

Exploration of Marine Resources by Photographic Remote Sensing

The interpretation of photographs in oceanographic remote sensing is discussed. The photographs were made from spacecraft with two exceptions. Two photographs were made from aircraft. There were three types of film used to make the photographs: black-and-white, color, and color IR. Black and white photography is well known; it presents pictures in various shades of gray from black to white. Color film presents pictures in color, very nearly as the human eye sees them. Color IR film presents pictures in color also but not as seen by the human eye. Blue becomes much deeper blue, green is suppressed to some extent, and red is recorded beyond the visual range of the human eye, out in the near infrared. The most noticeable effect of the use of color IR film is that leaf materials which are highly reflective in the infrared part of the spectrum are presented as red

Scan rate converter for tape recording and playback of TV pictures

Magnetic tape recording and playback equipment converts television pictures, both black and white and color, from one scan rate to another. The equipment indexes color picture frames for retrieval electronically and can be used as a document storage and retrieval medium that is compatible with hard-copy printout machines

Color preference for black and white in infants and young children

During the past ten years there has been a great deal of research on color preference and color meaning in young children and adults. Emphasis has been on black/white color preference. Investigators in this area have suggested that children and adults prefer the color white to the color black and that this preference for white is a universal one. Some researchers have suggested that the evaluations placed on the colors black and white also influence attitudes toward black and white people. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the preference for the color white was present in infants and young children; and if the preference existed, did the age, race, sex of the subject or the type of toy presented determine the strength of the color preference. A pilot study conducted by the present investigator examined color preference in Afro infants and toddlers, ranging in age from six months to three years. Results indicated that there was a significant tendency toward white preference, that this preference increased as the subjects advanced in age, and that this trend toward white preference should be further investigated

Color from Black and White

Color constancy can be achieved by analyzing the chromatic aberration in an image. Chromatic aberration spatially separates light of different wavelengths and this allows the spectral power distribution of the light to be extracted. This is more information about the light than is registered by the cones of the human visual system or by a color television camera; and, using it, we show how color constancy, the separation of reflectance from illumination, can be achieved. As examples, we consider grey-level images of (a) a colored dot under unknown illumination, and (b) an edge between two differently colored regions under unknown illumination. Our first result is that in principle we can determine completely the spectral power distribution of the reflected light from the dot or, in the case of the color edge, the difference in the spectral power distributions of the light from the two regions. By employing a finite-dimensional linear model of illumination and surface reflectance, we obtain our second result, which is that the spectrum of the reflected light can be uniquely decomposed into a component due to the illuminant and another component due to the surface reflectance. This decomposition provides the complete spectral reflectance function, and hence color, of the surface as well as the spectral power distribution of the illuminant. Up to the limit of the accuracy of the finite-dimensional model, this effectively solves the color constancy problem

Satellite monitoring of vegetation and geology in semi-arid environments

The possibility of mapping various characteristics of the natural environment of Tanzania by various LANDSAT techniques was assessed. Interpretation and mapping were carried out using black and white as well as color infrared images on the scale of 1:250,000. The advantages of several computer techniques were also assessed, including contrast-stretched rationing, differential edge enhancement; supervised classification; multitemporal classification; and change detection. Results Show the most useful image for interpretation comes from band 5, with additional information being obtained from either band 6 or band 7. The advantages of using color infrared images for interpreting vegetation and geology are so great that black and white should be used only to supplement the colored images

Convolutional Neural Network for Colorization of Black and White Photos

People today are very fond of capturing moments by taking pictures. Various photo functions are used to document all forms of information that you want to store. In photos with digital images that have black and white, the information obtained is less than optimal, so an image processing process is needed to get color photos. Based on this, the author wants to change photos from black and white to color photos. The method used in this research is Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). This study uses Atlas 200 DK hardware and Ascend 310 processor. The data used in this study are 32 black and white photos in .jpg format as training data and perform 6 experimental scenarios with different numbers of black and white photos in each experiment. The total black and white photos used to experiment were 81 photos. The results obtained are models that successfully perform processing in the form of color photos with the appropriate color results in predicting the possible color of the object in each pixel in the photo. Based on this research, the trend of artificial intelligence can be implemented in changing the color of photos according to color predictions

Biocontamination and particulate detection system

A method for determining the characteristics and amount of microscopic contaminants lodged on a photographed surface is disclosed. An image enhanced full color photographic negative and print are taken of the contaminated surface. Three black and white prints are developed subsequently from red, green and blue separation filter overlays of the color negative. Both the color and three monochromatic prints are then scanned to extract in digital form a profile of any contaminant possibly existing on the surface. The resulting profiles are electronically analyzed and compared with data already stored relating to known contaminants