Collective Communications and Computation Mechanisms on the RF Channel for Organic Printed Smart Labels and Resource-limited IoT Nodes

Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are seen as enabler technologies for realizing the Internet of Things (IoT). Organic and printed Electronics (OE) has the potential to provide low cost and all-printable smart RFID labels in high volumes. With regard to WSN, power harvesting techniques and resource-efficient communications are promising key technologies to create sustainable and for the environment friendly sensing devices. However, the implementation of OE smart labels is only allowing printable devices of ultra-low hardware complexity, that cannot employ standard RFID communications. And, the deployment of current WSN technology is far away from offering battery-free and low-cost sensing technology. To this end, the steady growth of IoT is increasing the demand for more network capacity and computational power. With respect to wireless communications research, the state-of-the-art employs superimposed radio transmission in form of physical layer network coding and computation over the MAC to increase information flow and computational power, but lacks on practicability and robustness so far. With regard to these research challenges we developed in particular two approaches, i.e., code-based Collective Communications for dense sensing environments, and time-based Collective Communications (CC) for resource-limited WSNs. In respect to the code-based CC approach we exploit the principle of superimposed radio transmission to acquire highly scalable and robust communications obtaining with it at the same time as well minimalistic smart RFID labels, that can be manufactured in high volume with present-day OE. The implementation of our code-based CC relies on collaborative and simultaneous transmission of randomly drawn burst sequences encoding the data. Based on the framework of hyper-dimensional computing, statistical laws and the superposition principle of radio waves we obtained the communication of so called ensemble information, meaning the concurrent bulk reading of sensed values, ranges, quality rating, identifiers (IDs), and so on. With 21 transducers on a small-scale reader platform we tested the performance of our approach successfully proving the scalability and reliability. To this end, we implemented our code-based CC mechanism into an all-printable passive RFID label down to the logic gate level, indicating a circuit complexity of about 500 transistors. In respect to time-based CC approach we utilize the superimposed radio transmission to obtain resource-limited WSNs, that can be deployed in wide areas for establishing, e.g., smart environments. In our application scenario for resource-limited WSN, we utilize the superimposed radio transmission to calculate functions of interest, i.e., to accomplish data processing directly on the radio channel. To prove our concept in a case study, we created a WSN with 15 simple nodes measuring the environmental mean temperature. Based on our analysis about the wireless computation error we were able to minimize the stochastic error arbitrarily, and to remove the systematic error completely

The impact of crisis management on supply chain management to improve the performance continuity in the security sector in Abu Dhabi in the UAE

The United Arab Emirates is one of the most attractive countries for tourism and investment, it places additional strains on the country's public security sector in order to maintain the highest levels of safety and security., especially in the capital of the UAE, Abu Dhabi. It is known that effective crisis management contributes significantly to supply chains to ensure the continuity of civil activities in the country. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact of effective crisis management functions on supply chain management in order to ensure business continuity in the security sector in Abu Dhabi. The study adopted leadership theory and communication theory in situational crises. The proposed conceptual framework explains the relationship between the practices of crisis management, supply chain management, and performance continuity. The research design in this study is scientific the research in this study is scientific, deductive, exploratory, and quantitative. This study employed questionnaires like those employed in the previous studies., which were adopted from previous studies. The population of this study is all employees who work in fields related to national security and their number is estimated to be at least 10,000 civil and military employees the target sample is 366 employees. As for the predictive model of performance continuity, the results show that the sub-model has moderate statistical significance as it can predict 49.8% of the variance in the continuity of performance based on the three predictors and supply chain management. The study showed that supply chain management plays an important mediating role, and the arrangement of the three independent variables is public relations, followed by the crisis management team, and then the crisis management strategy