GRANULARITY AND SPECIFICITY OF CONSENT AND IMPLICATIONS THEREOF FOR THE DATA CONTROLLER IN THE LIGHT OF THE PRINCIPLE OF ‘PURPOSE LIMITATION‘

The study discusses the problematics of the granularity and specificity of the data subject’s´consent, in the light of the principle of ‘purpose limitation’ when collecting and processing personal data while distinguishing between the imperatives deriving from the principle of purpose limitations (i) form those arising from the incidence of the principle of storage limitations (ii). These issues remain highly important in litigious hypotheses of processing personal data of customers collected and stored unlawfully, including in terms of post-verification of the processing purposes. Secondly, the study focuses on the limits of the purpose limitation principle, set out in Article 5 para. (1), (b) of the GDPR, including bifurcated components: personal data must, on the one hand, be collected for determined, explicit, and legitimate purposes, and, on the other hand, not to be further processed in a manner which becomes incompatible with the initial collecting purposes. We argue that the mentioned principle aims to delimit as clearly as possible the use of personal data by ensuring a balance between respect for the fundamental rights of data subjects in terms of privacy and data protection and the recognition of certain flexibility in favor of the operator in the management of such data, as imposed by digitalization and its inherent risks. In its second component, which is of particular interest to us in the present study, the purpose limitation principle seeks to define the extent to which personal data collected for a particular purpose may be reused by companies, since any processing after collection must be considered as ‘further processing’ and must therefore meet, with certain exceptions, the purpose-compatibility requirements

Multi-scale Discriminant Saliency with Wavelet-based Hidden Markov Tree Modelling

The bottom-up saliency, an early stage of humans' visual attention, can be considered as a binary classification problem between centre and surround classes. Discriminant power of features for the classification is measured as mutual information between distributions of image features and corresponding classes . As the estimated discrepancy very much depends on considered scale level, multi-scale structure and discriminant power are integrated by employing discrete wavelet features and Hidden Markov Tree (HMT). With wavelet coefficients and Hidden Markov Tree parameters, quad-tree like label structures are constructed and utilized in maximum a posterior probability (MAP) of hidden class variables at corresponding dyadic sub-squares. Then, a saliency value for each square block at each scale level is computed with discriminant power principle. Finally, across multiple scales is integrated the final saliency map by an information maximization rule. Both standard quantitative tools such as NSS, LCC, AUC and qualitative assessments are used for evaluating the proposed multi-scale discriminant saliency (MDIS) method against the well-know information based approach AIM on its released image collection with eye-tracking data. Simulation results are presented and analysed to verify the validity of MDIS as well as point out its limitation for further research direction.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1301.396

Bipatride For Indonesian Diaspora

This study aims to determine the status of dual citizenship law (bipatride) for overseas Indonesian overseas (Diaspora). This research is prescriptive legal research with normative juridical approach method in the form of research on the principle of citizenship law with data collection technique through literature study in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary law material with qualitative legal material analysis. The results of the study show that Law No. 12 of 2006 on Citizenship recognizes only limited dual citizenship that the status of the Diaspora citizenship is limited. However, there is a need for further regulation regarding the limitation of the use of this limited dual citizenship because in the Act does not regulate the consequences of circumstances that allow a person to not choose one of his nationalities in the event that the person has limited dual citizenship status

Bipatride for Indonesian Diaspora

This study aims to determine the status of dual citizenship law (bipatride) for overseas Indonesian overseas (Diaspora). This research is prescriptive legal research with normative juridical approach method in the form of research on the principle of citizenship law with data collection technique through literature study in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary law material with qualitative legal material analysis. The results of the study show that Law No. 12 of 2006 on Citizenship recognizes only limited dual citizenship that the status of the Diaspora citizenship is limited. However, there is a need for further regulation regarding the limitation of the use of this limited dual citizenship because in the Act does not regulate the consequences of circumstances that allow a person to not choose one of his nationalities in the event that the person has limited dual citizenship status

Privacy in crowdsourcing:a systematic review

The advent of crowdsourcing has brought with it multiple privacy challenges. For example, essential monitoring activities, while necessary and unavoidable, also potentially compromise contributor privacy. We conducted an extensive literature review of the research related to the privacy aspects of crowdsourcing. Our investigation revealed interesting gender differences and also differences in terms of individual perceptions. We conclude by suggesting a number of future research directions.</p