Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the merging of behavioral and cognitive therapies that mostly focuses on working with the client in the present. Although there are many approaches to CBT, there tend to be some common features. For example, CBT is generally a directive approach to psychotherapy that helps clients to challenge their problematic thoughts and to change the behaviors associated with those thoughts. In addition, most approaches to CBT are structured and time limited and include some type of homework where the client can practice the cognitive and behavioral strategies learned in the therapeutic setting. This entry focuses mostly on CBT as defined by Aaron Beck, one of the early founders of this approach

D-Cycloserine as an augmentation strategy for cognitive behavioral therapy of anxiety disorders.

The goal of this review is to examine the clinical studies on d-cycloserine, a partial glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist, as an augmentation strategy for exposure procedures during cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders. Although cognitive behavioral therapy and anxiolytic medications are more effective than placebo for treating anxiety disorders, there is still considerable room for further improvement. Traditional combination strategies typically yield disappointing results. However, recent studies based on translational research have shown promise to augment the neural circuitry underlying fear extinction with pharmacological means. We discuss the current state of the literature, including inconsistencies of findings and issues concerning the drug mechanism, dosing, and dose timing. D-cycloserine is a promising combination strategy for cognitive behavioral therapy of anxiety disorders by augmenting extinction learning. However, there is also evidence to suggest that d-cycloserine can facilitate reconsolidation of fear memory when exposure procedures are unsuccessful

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a modern type of short-term psychotherapy that integrates cognitive and behavioral theories. The CBT approach is effective in the treatment of a wide range of mental issues and conditions, such as generalized anxiety disorders, general or post-traumatic stress, panic attacks, depression, eating and sleep dysfunctions, obsessive–compulsive disorders, and substance dependence. CBT is also effective as an intervention for psychotic, personality, and bipolar disorders or to approach fatigue and chronic pain conditions especially if associated with distress. This book explains both theoretical and practical aspects of CBT, along with case examples, and contains useful tools and specific interventions for different psychological situations

Online cognitive behavioral therapy for prolonged grief after traumatic loss:A randomized waitlist-controlled trial

Prolonged grief disorder, a condition characterized by severe, persistent, and disabling grief, is newly included in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR. Prolonged grief symptoms can be effectively treated with face-to-face or internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy. Traumatic losses may elicit higher prevalence of severe grief reactions. While face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy appears efficacious in treating prolonged grief symptoms in traumatically bereaved individuals, it is not yet clear if internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy is efficacious for this population. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of a 12-week internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for people bereaved through traffic accidents in a randomized waitlist-controlled trial (registration number: NL7497, Dutch Trial Register). Forty adults bereaved though a traffic accident were randomized to internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (n = 19) or a waitlist control condition (n = 21). Prolonged grief, post-traumatic stress, and depression symptoms were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 8-week follow-up. Dropout in the treatment condition was relatively high (42%) compared to the control condition (19%). Nevertheless, multilevel analyses showed that internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy strongly reduced prolonged grief, post-traumatic stress, and depression symptoms relative to the control condition at post-treatment and follow-up. We conclude that internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy appears a promising treatment for traumatically bereaved adults.</p

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Movement Disorders. A Review

In addition to motor symptoms, patients with movement disorders often complain of psychiatric disturbances, including mood, anxiety, and impulse-control disorders and psychosis. These abnormalities are often misdiagnosed and left untreated, thus resulting in a worse prognosis and lower quality of life. Besides the use of standard pharmacological treatments, psychiatric abnormalities can be treated by means of nonpharmacological approaches. These approaches include various types of psychological therapies, the most widely used being cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). We reviewed all articles, conducted until 2014, that contained primary data derived from clinical trials and case reports on the effect of CBT in the most common movement disorders. One randomized, controlled study and several uncontrolled studies on the efficacy of CBT in Parkinson's disease (PD) have shown a short-term benefit of depression and anxiety. In Tourette's syndrome (TS), CBT has been assessed in a number of large controlled clinical trials that have demonstrated an improvement in psychiatric disturbances and tics. There are no controlled studies on the efficacy of CBT in other types of movement disorders, such as dystonia, Huntington's disease, and essential tremor. Only a limited number of studies have evaluated the efficacy of CBT in the management of psychiatric disorders in movement disorders. The evidence available suggests that CBT is useful in TS and probably useful in PD. We recommend the planning of randomized, controlled clinical trials to investigate the effects of CBT and group CBT in the treatment of psychiatric disturbances in movement disorders

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor symptoms, but nonmotor symptoms also significantly impair daily functioning and reduce quality of life. Anxiety is prevalent and debilitating in PD, but remains understudied and undertreated. Much affective research in PD focuses on depression rather than anxiety, and as such, there are no evidence-based treatments for anxiety in this population. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown promise for treating depression in PD and may be efficacious for anxiety. This exploratory study implemented a multiple-baseline single-case experimental design to evaluate the utility and feasibility of CBT for individuals with PD who also met criteria for a DSM-5 anxiety disorder ( n = 9). Participants were randomized to a 2-, 4-, or 6-week baseline phase, followed by 12 CBT sessions, and two post treatment assessments (immediately post treatment and 6-week follow-up). Multiple outcome measures of anxiety and depression were administered weekly during baseline and intervention. Weekly CBT sessions were conducted in-person ( n = 5) or via secure videoconferencing ( n = 4). At post treatment, seven of the nine participants showed significant reductions in anxiety and/or depression, with changes functionally related to treatment and most improvements maintained at 6-week follow-up. Effects of CBT on secondary outcomes varied across participants, with preliminary evidence for reduction in fear of falling. Adherence and retention were high, as were treatment satisfaction and acceptability. The findings of this pilot study provide preliminary evidence for the utility of CBT as a feasible treatment for anxiety and comorbid depressive symptoms in PD and highlight the potential of telehealth interventions for mood in this population.Accepted manuscrip

EFEKTIFITAS PENERAPAN COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY PADA PASIEN DEPRESI: LITERATURE REVIEW

Depresi juga dijelaskan dalam Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (2013) yang merupakan gangguan psikologis yang ditandai dengan munculnya kesedihan, perasaan hampa, perasaan sensitif, disertai dengan gejala somatis dan kognitif. Gejala-gejala tersebut dapat mempengaruhi fungsi dan kemampuan individu dalam melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari depresi merupakan sebuah gangguan yang berkaitan dengan adanya penyimpangan pada perasaan, cara berpikir, serta perilaku yang dimiliki oleh individu. Depresi dapat berkurang dengan beberapa terapi salah satunya terapi kognitif, sering disebut cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Terapi cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) merupakan terapi yang banyak digunakan untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah kejiwaan, termasuk stress, depresi dan gangguan kecemasan. Pendekatan terapi ini berfokus pada membantu individu mengidentifikasi dan mengubah pola pikir dan perilaku maladaptif, yang pada akhirnya mengarah pada peningkatan kesehatan mental dan kesejahteraan secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Literature review. Pencarian literatur dilakukan terkait dengan efektifitas penerapan cognitive behavioral therapy  pada pasien depresi berikut: Proquest, Science Direct dan Wiley dari tahun 2019-2023 kata kunci “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy”, “Depresi”, Anxietas. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy mempengaruhi psikologis pasien terutama pada tingkat kecemasan dan depresi pasien. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ini dapat digunakan oleh perawat sebagai pendekatan non-farmakologis dalam membantu pasien agar tidak terlalu depresi dan cemas  saat menghadapi masalah mereka

Comparing Outcomes of Online Application Therapy Versus Standard Psychotherapy in Patients Suffering from Mental Illness

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) in comparison to standard cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of depression and anxiety. The quality, safety, therapist-response, and cost of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy was also studied. This review utilized multiple databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Clinical Key, Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO from 2015 to 2020. The literature reviewed consisted of peer-reviewed studies, randomized controlled trials, and systematic review. Sources that were excluded from the study included those prior to 2015, studies with small sample sizes, and those that involved children. Thirteen resources were selected for review. Much of the research suggested that iCBT is as effective as standard face-to-face therapy. Many authors thought it would be most useful as an adjunct to standard therapy which could ease accessibility issues. Other factors in considering the use of iCBT include therapeutic alliances, cost-effectiveness, and the varying qualities of the many different options. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy could be a viable alternative for cognitive behavioral therapy, but further research is needed

Teknik Cognitive Behavioral Therapy untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Berprestasi Mahasiswa

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi berprestasi pada mahasiswa dengan menggunakan teknik cognitive behavioral therapy. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi eksperimen dengan pretest-posttest control group desaign dengan tindak lanjut. Responden dalam penelitian ini adah 12 (duabelas) mahasiswa yang dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen. Skala yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah modifikasi dari skala Achievemnt Motivation Inventory (AMI) Schuler. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji beda nonparametrik Mann-Whitney Test untuk membandingkan skor antara kelompok yang diberikan teknik cognitive behavioral therapy dan kelompok yang tidak diberikan intervensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan skor motivasi berprestasi antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen setelah diberikan teknik cognitive behavioral therapy. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa teknik cognitive behavioral therapy efektif untuk meningkatkan motivasi berprestasi pada mahasiswa.