888 research outputs found
Survey of Spectrum Sharing for Inter-Technology Coexistence
Increasing capacity demands in emerging wireless technologies are expected to
be met by network densification and spectrum bands open to multiple
technologies. These will, in turn, increase the level of interference and also
result in more complex inter-technology interactions, which will need to be
managed through spectrum sharing mechanisms. Consequently, novel spectrum
sharing mechanisms should be designed to allow spectrum access for multiple
technologies, while efficiently utilizing the spectrum resources overall.
Importantly, it is not trivial to design such efficient mechanisms, not only
due to technical aspects, but also due to regulatory and business model
constraints. In this survey we address spectrum sharing mechanisms for wireless
inter-technology coexistence by means of a technology circle that incorporates
in a unified, system-level view the technical and non-technical aspects. We
thus systematically explore the spectrum sharing design space consisting of
parameters at different layers. Using this framework, we present a literature
review on inter-technology coexistence with a focus on wireless technologies
with equal spectrum access rights, i.e. (i) primary/primary, (ii)
secondary/secondary, and (iii) technologies operating in a spectrum commons.
Moreover, we reflect on our literature review to identify possible spectrum
sharing design solutions and performance evaluation approaches useful for
future coexistence cases. Finally, we discuss spectrum sharing design
challenges and suggest future research directions
Transmission Delay of Multi-hop Heterogeneous Networks for Medical Applications
Nowadays, with increase in ageing population, Health care market keeps
growing. There is a need for monitoring of Health issues. Body Area Network
consists of wireless sensors attached on or inside human body for monitoring
vital Health related problems e.g, Electro Cardiogram (ECG),
ElectroEncephalogram (EEG), ElectronyStagmography(ENG) etc. Data is recorded by
sensors and is sent towards Health care center. Due to life threatening
situations, timely sending of data is essential. For data to reach Health care
center, there must be a proper way of sending data through reliable connection
and with minimum delay. In this paper transmission delay of different paths,
through which data is sent from sensor to Health care center over heterogeneous
multi-hop wireless channel is analyzed. Data of medical related diseases is
sent through three different paths. In all three paths, data from sensors first
reaches ZigBee, which is the common link in all three paths. After ZigBee there
are three available networks, through which data is sent. Wireless Local Area
Network (WLAN), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX),
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) are connected with ZigBee.
Each network (WLAN, WiMAX, UMTS) is setup according to environmental
conditions, suitability of device and availability of structure for that
device. Data from these networks is sent to IP-Cloud, which is further
connected to Health care center. Main aim of this paper is to calculate delay
of each link in each path over multihop wireless channel.Comment: BioSPAN with 7th IEEE International Conference on Broadband and
Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA 2012), Victoria,
Canada, 201
Analyzing Delay in Wireless Multi-hop Heterogeneous Body Area Networks
With increase in ageing population, health care market keeps growing. There
is a need for monitoring of health issues. Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)
consists of wireless sensors attached on or inside human body for monitoring
vital health related problems e.g, Electro Cardiogram (ECG), Electro
Encephalogram (EEG), ElectronyStagmography (ENG) etc. Due to life threatening
situations, timely sending of data is essential. For data to reach health care
center, there must be a proper way of sending data through reliable connection
and with minimum delay. In this paper transmission delay of different paths,
through which data is sent from sensor to health care center over heterogeneous
multi-hop wireless channel is analyzed. Data of medical related diseases is
sent through three different paths. In all three paths, data from sensors first
reaches ZigBee, which is the common link in all three paths. Wireless Local
Area Network (WLAN), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX),
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) are connected with ZigBee.
Each network (WLAN, WiMAX, UMTS) is setup according to environmental
conditions, suitability of device and availability of structure for that
device. Data from these networks is sent to IP-Cloud, which is further
connected to health care center. Delay of data reaching each device is
calculated and represented graphically. Main aim of this paper is to calculate
delay of each link in each path over multi-hop wireless channel.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1208.240
A critical analysis of research potential, challenges and future directives in industrial wireless sensor networks
In recent years, Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) have emerged as an important research theme with applications spanning a wide range of industries including automation, monitoring, process control, feedback systems and automotive. Wide scope of IWSNs applications ranging from small production units, large oil and gas industries to nuclear fission control, enables a fast-paced research in this field. Though IWSNs offer advantages of low cost, flexibility, scalability, self-healing, easy deployment and reformation, yet they pose certain limitations on available potential and introduce challenges on multiple fronts due to their susceptibility to highly complex and uncertain industrial environments. In this paper a detailed discussion on design objectives, challenges and solutions, for IWSNs, are presented. A careful evaluation of industrial systems, deadlines and possible hazards in industrial atmosphere are discussed. The paper also presents a thorough review of the existing standards and industrial protocols and gives a critical evaluation of potential of these standards and protocols along with a detailed discussion on available hardware platforms, specific industrial energy harvesting techniques and their capabilities. The paper lists main service providers for IWSNs solutions and gives insight of future trends and research gaps in the field of IWSNs
An analysis on decentralized adaptive MAC protocols for Cognitive Radio networks
The scarcity of bandwidth in the radio spectrum has become more vital since the demand for more and more wireless applications has increased. Most of the spectrum bands have been allocated although many studies have shown that these bands are significantly underutilized most of the time. The problem of unavailability of spectrum and inefficiency in its utilization has been smartly addressed by the Cognitive Radio (CR) Technology which is an opportunistic network that senses the environment, observes the network changes, and then using knowledge gained from the prior interaction with the network, makes intelligent decisions by dynamically adapting their transmission characteristics. In this paper some of the decentralized adaptive MAC protocols for CR networks have been critically analyzed and a novel adaptive MAC protocol for CR networks, DNG-MAC which is decentralized and non-global in nature, has been proposed. The results show the DNG-MAC out performs other CR MAC protocols in terms of time and energy efficiency
Coordinated Dynamic Spectrum Management of LTE-U and Wi-Fi Networks
This paper investigates the co-existence of Wi-Fi and LTE in emerging
unlicensed frequency bands which are intended to accommodate multiple radio
access technologies. Wi-Fi and LTE are the two most prominent access
technologies being deployed today, motivating further study of the inter-system
interference arising in such shared spectrum scenarios as well as possible
techniques for enabling improved co-existence. An analytical model for
evaluating the baseline performance of co-existing Wi-Fi and LTE is developed
and used to obtain baseline performance measures. The results show that both
Wi-Fi and LTE networks cause significant interference to each other and that
the degradation is dependent on a number of factors such as power levels and
physical topology. The model-based results are partially validated via
experimental evaluations using USRP based SDR platforms on the ORBIT testbed.
Further, inter-network coordination with logically centralized radio resource
management across Wi-Fi and LTE systems is proposed as a possible solution for
improved co-existence. Numerical results are presented showing significant
gains in both Wi-Fi and LTE performance with the proposed inter-network
coordination approach.Comment: Accepted paper at IEEE DySPAN 201
From 6LoWPAN to 6Lo: expanding the universe of IPv6-supported technologies for the Internet of Things
© 2017 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other worksLeveraging 6LoWPAN, the IETF 6Lo Working Group has targeted adaptation of IPv6 over a new generation of communication technologies for the IoT. These comprise Bluetooth LE, ITU-T G.9959, DECT ULE, MS/TP, NFC, IEEE 1901.2, and IEEE 802.11ah. This article comprehensively analyzes the 6Lo technologies and adaptation layers, giving the motivation for critical design decisions, highlighting crucial aspects for performance, and presenting main challenges.Postprint (author's final draft
Wireless networks in industrial environments: state of the art and issues
Wireless is everywhere nowadays and WLAN (i.e. 802.11 standard family) has became used by almost any communications devices in the mass market.
The recent achievements in the fields of modulation techniques, such as Spread Spectrum, coding methods, such as Turbocodes, CDMA2000, and frequencies allocation methods, such as OFDM and Frequency Hopping, has pushed the growing uses of reliable and low-cost wireless technologies. Among them the last standards are: IEEE 802.11 family (i.e. WiFi), HyperLAN and HyperLAN2, IEEE 802.15 (i.e. WPAN), IEEE 802.16 (i.e. WiMAX)… However, the industrial environments are not taken into consideration in the design of those standards, because its harsh constraints has specific characteristics (reliability, interferences with existing equipments, multi-path propagation, low-power consumption, real-time reconfiguration, security…) that need specific requirements and eventually standards.
This paper will intent to give an overview of the wireless technologies and discusses the current and future possible technologies for the uses in the industrial environments (power plants and stations, factories, industrial buildings, automotive…).
Our current works showed us that there is no perfect technology by it-self but the best trade-off solution is a hybrid architecture combining the right wired and wireless technologies.1st IFIP International Conference on Ad-Hoc NetWorkingRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI
Spectrum Utilization and Congestion of IEEE 802.11 Networks in the 2.4 GHz ISM Band
Wi-Fi technology, plays a major role in society thanks to its widespread availability, ease of use and low cost. To assure its long term viability in terms of capacity and ability to share the spectrum efficiently, it is of paramount to study the spectrum utilization and congestion mechanisms in live environments. In this paper the service level in the 2.4 GHz ISM band is investigated with focus on todays IEEE 802.11 WLAN systems with support for the 802.11e extension. Here service level means the overall Quality of Service (QoS), i.e. can all devices fulfill their communication needs? A crosslayer approach is used, since the service level can be measured at several levels of the protocol stack. The focus is on monitoring at both the Physical (PHY) and the Medium Access Control (MAC) link layer simultaneously by performing respectively power measurements with a spectrum analyzer to assess spectrum utilization and packet sniffing to measure the congestion. Compared to traditional QoS analysis in 802.11 networks, packet sniffing allows to study the occurring congestion mechanisms more thoroughly. The monitoring is applied for the following two cases. First the influence of interference between WLAN networks sharing the same radio channel is investigated in a controlled environment. It turns out that retry rate, Clear-ToSend (CTS), Request-To-Send (RTS) and (Block) Acknowledgment (ACK) frames can be used to identify congestion, whereas the spectrum analyzer is employed to identify the source of interference. Secondly, live measurements are performed at three locations to identify this type of interference in real-live situations. Results show inefficient use of the wireless medium in certain scenarios, due to a large portion of management and control frames compared to data content frames (i.e. only 21% of the frames is identified as data frames)
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