Cheap Talk, Gullibility, and Welfare in an Environmental Taxation Game

We consider a simple dynamic model of environmental taxation that exhibits time inconsistency. There are two categories of firms, Believers, who take the tax announcements made by the Regulator to face value, and Non-Believers, who perfectly anticipate the Regulator's decisions, albeit at a cost. The proportion of Believers and Non- Believers changes over time depending on the relative profits of both groups. We show that the Regulator can use misleading tax announcements to steer the economy to an equilibrium that is Pareto superior to the solutions usually suggested in the literature. Depending upon the initial proportion of Believers, the Regulator may prefer a fast or a low speed of reaction of the firms to differences in Believers/Non-Believers profits.Environmental policy, Emissions taxes, Time inconsistency, Heterogeneous agents, Bounded rationality, Learning, Multiple equilibria, Stackelberg games

Implementing Tax Coordination and Harmonization through Voluntary Commitment

Pareto-improving tax coordination, and even tax harmonization, are Nash implementable between sovereign countries without any supranational tax authorities. Following Schelling's approach, we consider voluntary commitment, which constrains countries' respective tax rate choices. We develop a commitment game where countries choose their strategy sets in preliminary stages and play consistently during the final one. We determine the set of tax rates, which are implementable by commitment. This allows countries to reach Pareto-improving equilibriums. We also establish that complete tax harmonization may emerge as the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium of the commitment game as long as the asymmetry between countries remains limited. Our analysis contributes to the rationale of tax ranges and, more broadly, of non binding but self-enforcing commitments (not equivalent to cheap talk) in the context of tax competition

A Tractable Model of Reciprocity and Fairness

We introduce a parametric model of other-regarding preferences. The income distribution and the kindness or unkindness of others' choices ('intentions') systematically affect a person's emotional state. The emotional state systematically affects the marginal rate of substitution between own and others' payoffs, and thus the person's subsequent choices. The model is applied to two sets of laboratory data: simple binary choice mini-ultimatum games, and Stackelberg duopoly games with a range of choices. The results confirm that other-regarding preferences respond to others' intentions as well as to the income distribution.

A Trackable Model of Reciprocity and Fairness.

We introduced a parametric model of other-regarding preferences in which my emotional state determines the marginal rate of substitution between my own and other' payoffs, and thus my subsequent choices. In turn, my emotional state responds to relative status and to the kindness or unkindness of others' choices. Structural estimations of this model with six existing data sets demonstrate that other-regarding preferences depend on status, reciprocity, and perceived property rights.RECIPROCITY ; MARGINAL RATE OF SUBSTITUTION ; PAYOFFS

A Tractable Model of Reciprocity and Fairness

We introduce a parametric model of other-regarding preferences in which my emotional state determines the marginal rate of substitution between my own and others' payoffs, and thus my subsequent choices. In turn, my emotional state responds to relative status and to the kindness or unkindness of others' choices. Structural estimations of this model with six existing data sets demonstrate that other-regarding preferences depend on status, reciprocity, and perceived property rights.

Social preferences: from the experimental lab to economic theory

We present a wide collection of experiments which show how human behavior deviates substantially with respect to the predictions derived from standard homo economicus assumptions. Then we review the theoretical literature that this evidence has stimulated. In particular some models are found to be consistent with evidence from a large set of games. As fundamental differences exist among these proposals, new experiments were devised to contrast their effectiveness in predicting behavior. We argue that inequality aversion models are to be preferred to intention based models because the additional predictive power the latter may have comes at a very high cost of complexity. We also find that equality considerations are more relevant than efficiency motives in most economically relevant settings. Results are not conclusive and this gives scope to further research over these issues.Prisoner's dilemma; public good games; social preference models

The Impact of Corporate Reputation on Earnings Management Decisions

This thesis consists of empirical tests and theoretical works exploring how the corporate reputation influences manager’s earnings management decisions. Building and protecting corporate reputation is one of the challenges to CEOs today. Some researchers suggest that corporate reputation is one important factor when investors evaluate a firm. The other scholars indicate that corporate reputation has an impact on manager’s information disclosure and strategies making. Earnings management occurs when managers bias financial reporting or construct transactions strategically to impact the cash flow. I am curious whether the corporate reputation has an effect in earnings management behaviour to mislead investors. Firstly, I test how the corporate reputation affects manager’s earnings management behaviour in both accruals manipulation and real manipulations. I find that firms with worse reputation use more increasing discretionary accruals and intend to manipulate sales. Then, I study the reputation effect on discretionary accruals in a repeated cheap-talk game. I find that for managers in firms without prior good reputation among investors, smoothing earnings is an effective way to alter the investors’ opinion