Why gender matters in CMC: gender differences in remote trust and performance with initial social activities

Gender effects in face-to-face and virtual communications are well known in the discipline of communication studies. However, less attention has been paid to the effects of gender on carrying out complex, collaborative tasks in virtual environments, mediated by modern communication media. The primary objective of this research is to explore gender differences in synchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) with and without initial social activities. In particular, it aims to investigate whether exposure to pre-task social activities before doing a task can help males, who tend to be less trusting, overcome the trust barrier.This research combines theories and empirical findings from a wide range of disciplines, including CMC, gender, trust and communication. One hundred and twenty four participants who did not previously know each other were recruited to form homogeneous pairs, male-male and female-female. Each pair carried out a competitive task via Instant Messaging (IM), either with or without pre-task social chat. The results from both quantitative and qualitative analyses indicate that female pairs had high levels of trust and more collaborative behaviors than male pairs in doing the task. In addition, females’ collaborative conversational style focusing on harmonious relationships put them in a position to achieve trust in the communication. The results also suggest that initial social chat prior to beginning work helps remote team members build trust in the communication. But that initial social chat is more effective in female dominated groups.The results have implications for research and practice of establishing higher levels of trust among remote workers who have to communicate via low-end media. In addition, this research will add to the small, but growing body of literature on the effects of group gender composition on performance outcomes. It will also benefit designers understanding emoticon usage patterns and developing design criteria for creating usable and useful interactive chat systems that support trust of both genders.Ph.D., Information Science and Technology -- Drexel University, 200

Dynamics of online chat

Millions of people use online synchronous chat networks on a daily basis for work, play and education. Despite their widespread use, little is known about their user dynamics. For example, one does not know how many users are typically co-present and actively engaged in public interaction in the individual chat rooms of any of the numerous public Internet Relay Chat (IRC) networks found on the Internet; or what are the factors that constrain the boundaries of user activity inside those chat rooms. Failure to collect and present such data means there is a lack of a good understanding of the range of user interaction dynamics that large-scale chat technologies support. This dissertation addresses this gap in the research literature through a year-long field study of the user-dynamics of Austnet, a medium-sized IRC network (103 million messages sent to 7,180 publicly active chat-channels by 489,562 unique nicknames over a one-year period). Key results include: 1) the first rich quantitative description of a medium-sized chat network; 2) empirical evidence for user information-processing constraints to patterns of chat-channel engagement (maximum 40 posters and 600 public messages per chat-channel per 20-minute interval); 3) a short-term channel engagement model which highlights the extent to which immediate channel activity can be reliably predicted, and identifies the best predictor variables; 4) a model for the identification of factors that can be used to distinguish highly predictable channels from unpredictable channels; and 5) the first empirical study of how the Critical Mass theory can help in predicting the channels\u27 long-term chances of survival by looking at their initial starting conditions. Collectively, the results highlight how the knowledge of chat network dynamics can be used in making accurate predictions about the chat-channels\u27 levels of short-term activity, and long-term survivability. This is important because it can lead to improved designs of future synchronous chat technologies. Such designs would benefit both the users of the systems, by providing them real-time recommendations about where to find successful group discourse, and the managers of the systems, by providing them vital information about the health of their communities