Reconstructing Appalachia: The Civil War\u27s Aftermath.

A New Focus for Reconstruction History This much needed and very useful collection highlights the Appalachian region’s diverse responses to the Civil War and complicates, while it illuminates, several long-standing historical debates. The Appalachians were not isolated from the rest of...

Italianità negativa nella letteratura e nella psicologia

L’Italia è stata criticata da poeti e scrittori italiani del passato. La vedevano divisa, piena di caos, vendetta, violenza e odio reciproco tra le sue regioni. Si condannavano e denunciavano l’egoismo, il degrado morale, le iniquità, le scelte sbagliate. Oggi gli intellettuali italiani sono preoccupati: considerano l’Italia un paese malato, corrotto, infelice, dove non si rispetta il bene comune. Danno la colpa alla mentalità italiana e alla mancata solidarietà fra i cittadini.Italy was criticised by the Italian poets and writers of the past. It was perceived as a divided country, ruled by chaos, revenge, violence and mutual hatred. They condemned egoism, moral degradation, iniquity, wrong choices. Nowadays Italian intellectuals are sounding the alarm, stating that Italy is a sick, corrupted and unhappy country, with no respect for the common good. The main reason for this is Italian mentality and the lack of solidarity among the citizens

The LumberJack, March 22, 2006

The student newspaper of Humboldt State University.https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/studentnewspaper/1348/thumbnail.jp

NO LACK OF BEDS: SANITATIONISM, GENDER, AND HOSPITAL SPACES IN THE VICTORIAN NOVEL

ABSTRACT NO LACK OF BEDS: SANITATIONISM, GENDER, AND HOSPITAL SPACES IN THE VICTORIAN NOVEL by Elizabeth Sheckler University of New Hampshire May 2019 The Victorians wrote extensively about the changes in medical practice between 1800 and 1910, both in public discourse and through their fiction. As a result, Victorian scholarship often includes medicine. While approaches are varied, they are typically either concerned with diseases, character models (like doctors), or medical interventions alongside other public institutions (public health). Scholars in interdisciplinary fields as well as in Victorian literature have written on medicine in the nineteenth century, including both historiographies on topics ranging from skin to pain, as well as microstudies interested in specific time periods, practitioners, or authors. The field is rich with interest in the ways medicine defined the Victorian world, and in recent years, many of these works reach outward to our present moment. Studies of medicine and Victorian literature are generally concerned with events and people, not medical spaces, like hospitals. My dissertation examines sanitationism, a theory of disease wherein illness was generated from environmental causes. In sanitationism, medical spaces are the keystones of practice, and so by investigating this theory of disease, my project also examines those spaces in which medicine was practiced from 1830-1890. Sanitationism has largely been neglected in Victorian and history of medicine scholarship, but during the nineteenth century, the theory deeply impacted the Victorian worldview, and their writing. Utilizing novels, nonfiction narratives, and primary sources on medicine and architecture from the period, supplemented by both Victorian and interdisciplinary scholarship, I explore four types of Victorian medical spaces to unpack the concept of sanitationism and its manifestations in Victorian writing. I deploy an interdisciplinary lens combining spatial power narratives, historicism, gender, and class theories as the foundation for my analyses. My study traces the impact of sanitationism as formative of Victorian self-perception and impacting social hierarchies, especially the deployment of women as healers beyond the home. During sanitationism’s rise in chapters one and two, women in these narratives find themselves more influential and empowered in medical spaces, whereas during its decline, they similarly find their influence restricted, and eventually obliviated. In conclusion, understanding sanitationism generates insight regarding the Victorian social world. Furthermore, sanitationism’s synergy between medicine, public policy, architecture, and social values like gender relations, indicates how deeply underpinning beliefs about disease can affect human behavior and interaction. By presenting these analyses of sanitationism in a range of Victorian works, my dissertation encourages future scholars to consider the interplay of disease, spaces, morality, and gender together, which enriches both our studies of literature, as well as our understanding of interdisciplinarity. Lastly, my work encourages us to think critically about the spaces where medicine is performed, and how such spaces might impact outcomes, either in the nineteenth century, or the twenty-first

Striking the shadow commander: ascertaining the legitimacy of the drone strike on Gen. Qasem Soleimani through an examination of the U.S. claim to pre-attack self-defence

The targeted killing of Gen. Qasem Soleimani set off a chain of events that nearly incited a significant international conflict. Spearheaded by the Central Intelligence Agency, this counterterror mission sought to eliminate Soleimani on the grounds that he posed an ‘imminent threat’ to the United States. Following the strike, the US claimed that it had acted legitimately by citing adherence to self-defence under customary international law. However, this justification for the preemptive use of force would quickly unravel when it was determined that no such ‘imminent’ threat could be corroborated. Further doubt was raised when several US officials confirmed that US President Trump had signed what amounted to Soleimani’s death warrant seven months before the strike. When it was reported that another Iranian official was unsuccessfully targeted in Yemen on the same day as Soleimani, it became clear that there was rather more to the story than what the US had disclosed. This dissertation seeks to interrogate some of these issues. The purpose of this dissertation is to determine whether the US claim to pre-attack self-defence was legitimate. Comprehensive analysis based on process tracing was undertaken deploying qualitative approaches. Real-time information on the Soleimani strike was combined with critical conclusions extricated from scholarly works on the subject to develop a framework capable of ascertaining the Soleimani strike's legitimacy. Thus, this dissertation seeks to contribute to our understanding of pre-attack self-defence doctrine by developing a framework capable of determining the legitimacy of operations similar to that of the Soleimani strike. In sum, this dissertation determined that the US strike on Gen. Soleimani did not sufficiently adhere to pre-attack self-defence conditions based on available intelligence. This project further reaffirms this topic's growing importance and raised further issues for future research, including the urgent need for a minimum legal threshold of imminence necessary to permit such attacks