'Fill the jails': identity, structure and method in the Committee of 100, 1960 – 1968

The Committee of 100 (C100) (1960 – 68) were a British anti-nuclear protest group who campaigned for mass non-violent direct action (NVDA) in an effort to force the government to revise its defence policy. The formation of C100 created tensions with the already-established Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), whose leaders objected to C100's commitment to civil disobedience. The two anti-nuclear campaigns had some membership overlap but always remained separate. Until now, any investigation of C100 has been incorporated within wider studies of CND or has been quantitative in method. This thesis therefore addresses a historical gap by employing a life history approach to examine C100 as a distinct group. Drawing upon oral history interviews with twenty-four C100 members the resulting analysis reveals new aspects of C100's innovative structure and method, and identifies the particular nature of those who joined the campaign. A new image of first wave anti-nuclear activists emerges when focusing on C100 protestors. The respondents reveal motivations for campaign engagement that contrast with those of earlier representations of CND supporters. They were inspired by a common interest in global civil rights concerning human health and survival and a need to actively challenge rather than merely petition the authorities. Significantly, many C100 members came from left-wing, progressive or anarchist backgrounds. They were an erudite group with regard for knowledge, despite many putting conventional education on hold to fully engage in the campaign. This thesis examines C100's libertarian nature, and the extent to which its membership managed to be anti-hierarchical in structure, ethos and policy. It explores tensions within C100 concerning limits and definitions of NVDA that changed over time and came to radicalise the campaign. A biographical approach also reveals significant factors around C100 prison experience concerning issues of class and gender. This thesis serves to situate C100 for the first time in its own right on the socio-political map, both historically and globally

Explicit comprehension instruction : a review of research and a new conceptualization of instruction

Includes bibliographical references (p. 13-16)The work upon which this publication was based was supported in part by the Office of Educational Research and Improvement under cooperative agreement no. OEG 0087-C100

Context and the development of metaphor comprehension

Running title: Metaphoric understandingIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 9-10)Supported in part by the Office of Educational Research and Improvement under cooperative agreement no. OEG 0087-C100

From present to future : beyond becoming a nation of readers

Includes bibliographical references (p. 13-19)The work upon which this publication was based was supported in part by the Office of Educational Research and Improvement under Cooperative Agreement No. OEG 0087-C100

Study of Microphonic Effects on the C100 Cryomodule for High Energy Electron Beam Accelerators

The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory (JLab) is a particle accelerator which can accelerate an electron beam to relativistic speeds and apply the beam onto target samples. The C100 superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavity is the primary accelerating structure of the C100 cryomodule, one of the many cryomodules which compose the CEBAF linear accelerator. SRF cavities are particularly sensitive to internal and external vibrations that can result in a phenomenon called microphonics which degrade the operational stability of a cryomodule. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the significance of mechanical disturbances on the electromagnetic resonant frequency of a C100 SRF cavity. Knowledge of the mechanical resonance of the cavities and cryomodule sheds light into how these disturbances are most easily realized as deformation which causes radio frequency (RF) detuning. Three studies were conducted: the development and hammer test calibration of a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model of a C100 cavity, the development and hammer test calibration of an FEA model of a C100 cavity string, and the hammer test of the C100-10R cryomodule at the Cryomodule Test Facility (CMTF). The cavity FEA model was found to accurately predict two modes found in two real cavities in a simply supported configuration. The cavity string FEA model leveraged the calibrated cavity FEA model but was not found to accurately predict the modal behavior of a real cavity string. Even so, the modal behavior of the cavity string inside the C100-10R cryomodule was captured during a hammer test while it was partially assembled. Finally, the C100-10R cryomodule was placed in the CMTF to study RF detuning. The RF detuning spectra during hammer hits and background noise was captured. The results of the hammer testing indicate two strong peaks at low frequencies (9-10 Hz and 22-23 Hz). These two frequencies were found to be nearly coincident to four instances of mechanical resonance found during the hammer testing done on the partially-assembled C100-10R. Because of this, these two modes are believed to contribute to RF detuning of the cryomodule. This test event also included the testing of the effectiveness of a configuration of BNNT canisters designed to act as dampers. While these tests show promising results, the lurking variables render these tests somewhat inconclusive

ISO far-infrared observations of rich galaxy clusters II. Sersic 159-03

The far-infrared emission from rich galaxy clusters is investigated. Maps have been obtained by ISO at 60, 100, 135, and 200 microns using the PHT-C camera. Ground based imaging and spectroscopy were also acquired. Here we present the results for the cooling flow cluster Sersic 159-03. An infrared source coincident with the dominant cD galaxy is found. Some off-center sources are also present, but without any obvious counterparts.Comment: 6 pages, 4 postscript figures, accepted for publication in `Astronomy and Astrophysics

Photometric Mapping with ISOPHOT using the "P32" Astronomical Observation Template

The ``P32'' Astronomical Observation Template (AOT) provided a means to map large areas of sky (up to 45 x 45 arcmin) in the far-infrared (FIR) at high redundancy and with sampling close to the Nyquist limit using the ISOPHOT C100 (3 x 3) and C200 (2 x 2) detector arrays on board the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). However, the transient response behaviour of the Ga:Ge detectors, if uncorrected, can lead to severe systematic photometric errors and distortions of source morphology on maps. We describe the basic concepts of an algorithm which can successfully correct for transient response artifacts in P32 observations. Examples are given to demonstrate the photometric and imaging performance of ISOPHOT P32 observations of point and extended sources corrected using the algorithm. For extended sources we give the integrated flux densities of the nearby galaxies NGC6946, M51 and M101 and an image of M101 at 100 micron.Comment: 15 pages, 16 figures, published in A&A 410, 107

Determination of confusion noise for far-infrared measurements

We present a detailed assessment of the far-infrared confusion noise imposed on measurements with the ISOPHOT far-infrared detectors and cameras aboard the ISO satellite. We provide confusion noise values for all measurement configurations and observing modes of ISOPHOT in the 90<=lambda<=200um wavelength range. Based on these results we also give estimates for cirrus confusion noise levels at the resolution limits of current and future instruments of infrared space telescopes: Spitzer/MIPS, ASTRO-F/FIS and Herschel/PACS.Comment: A&A accepted; FITS files and appendices are available at: http://www.konkoly.hu/staff/pkisscs/confnoise

A computational comparison of several formulations for the multi-period incremental service facility location problem

The Multi-period Incremental Service Facility Location Problem, which was recently introduced, is a strategic problem for timing the location of facilities and the assignment of customers to facilities in a multi-period environment. Aiming at finding the strongest formulation for this problem, in this work we study three alternative formulations based on the so-called impulse variables and step variables. To this end, an extensive computational comparison is performed. As a conclusion, the hybrid impulse–step formulation provides better computational results than any of the other two formulations