Detention by Any Other Name

An unaffordable bail requirement has precisely the same effect as an order of pretrial detention: the accused person is jailed pending trial. It follows as a logical matter that an order requiring an unaffordable bail bond as a condition of release should be subject to the same substantive and procedural protections as an order denying bail altogether. Yet this has not been the practice. This Article lays out the logical and legal case for the proposition that an order that functionally imposes detention must be treated as an order of detention. It addresses counterarguments and complexities, including both empirical and normative ambiguity in the concept of “unaffordable” bail. It explains in practical terms what it would entail for a court system to treat unaffordable bail as a detention order. One hurdle is that both legal and policy standards for pretrial detention are currently in flux. Recognizing unaffordable bail as a detention order foregrounds the question of when pretrial detention is justified. This is the key question the bail reform movement must now confront

Capital controls by any other name

The embrace of ad hoc capital controls to address temporary market inefficiencies on a case-by-case basis, while pragmatic, perpetuates the view that each capital crisis is an isolated example of failed financial institutions.Capital market

By any other name

The use of names to refer to individuals is probably as old as language itself, but many features of naming in the United States are much newer. For the most part, our naming laws and norms derive from England, where the use of surnames, for example, can be traced back to the Norman conquest and did not become a common practice until the 13th or 14th century. The idea of a surname as a family name, permanent and hereditary, is even newer. The common law method of changing one’s name — simply using a different name, for non-fraudulent purposes — is still valid in most states, including Michigan. However, the practical impact of a common law name change is limited since it may not be sufficient for a name change on identification documents. The Social Security Administration, for example, will not change the name associated with a Social Security number based on evidence of a common law name change. This column discusses Michigan’s name change laws and the requirements for a name change on one’s driver’s license, Social Security card, and passport. It focuses on two categories of name change and the issues they may present: name changes upon marriage and name changes by transgender or non-binary people

By any other name.

Given the maturity of physics as a science and its continuing rate of expansion (almost two metres of new shelf-space per annum per library being needed for PhysicaL Review alone), the relatively modest dimensions of Joachim Schubert's Dictionary of Effects and Phenomena in Physics come as something of a surprise

An Entomopathogenic Nematode by Any Other Name

Among the diversity of insect-parasitic nematodes, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are distinct, cooperating with insect-pathogenic bacteria to kill insect hosts. EPNs have adapted specific mechanisms to associate with and transmit bacteria to insect hosts. New discoveries have expanded this guild of nematodes and refine our understanding of the nature and evolution of insect–nematode associations. Here, we clarify the meaning of “entomopathogenic” in nematology and argue that EPNs must rapidly kill their hosts with the aid of bacterial partners and must pass on the associated bacteria to future generations

Reference By Any Other Name

Librarians have been doing long-distance reference work for a very long time. Libraries have used telephones since sometime in the late 1800s or early 1900s and email since before I began my career in 1996. Even chat reference can hardly be called an emerging reference service --I first remember hearing about it at a Southern California Online Users Group conference a decade ago. Though reference via machines is not new, we seem to be at a pivotal time. There are currently so many possibilities for reaching out to our patrons that it can be hard to make sense of which options to offer.This is not made easier by a difficult fiscal environment, rapidly changing technology, and a plethora of other services that are also changing rapidly. What\u27s a librarian to do? This column is meant to make some small sense of that question, both for those of us currently offering a wide range of distance reference services and those who wish they could do more