An Analysis of Vocative Expression in The Film Entitled "Bring It On"

Vianinda Pratama Sari. C0305006. 2010. AN ANALYSIS OF VOCATIVE EXPRESSIONS IN THE FILM ENTITLED “BRING IT ON”. English Department. Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University. Surakarta This research investigates non-referential vocative expressions employed by the characters in the film entitled “Bring It On”. The objectives of this research are to find out the types of vocative expressions employed by the characters in the film entitled “Bring It On” and to describe the reasons why those characters employ a certain type of vocative expressions. This research used a descriptive qualitative research referring to the method to formulate the conclusion by collecting, classifying, and interpreting the data of the research. The data sources of the research were the film entitled “Bring It On” directed by Peyton Reed and its script found from the internet. All of the utterances containing non-referential vocative expressions employed by the characters in the film entitled “Bring It On” were used as the data of the research. This research applied purposive sampling technique in which several significant data containing non-referential vocative expressions were analyzed. Derived from the analysis, the research concludes that there are four types of vocative expressions employed by the characters in the film entitled “Bring It On” according to Kubo’s speech act theoretic analysis of vocatives. They are associative non-referential calling, dissociative non-referential calling, associative non-referential addressing, and dissociative non-referential addressing. Those different types of non-referential vocative expressions are certainly influenced by different contexts of situation. The reasons why the characters in the film entitled “Bring It On” employ a certain type of vocative expressions are analyzed based on either a perlocutionary act of association or a perlocutionary act of dissociaton contained in the vocative expression. Basically, there are two reasons why the characters employ a certain type of vocative expressions namely to associate the hearer and to dissociate the hearer. The reason that the speaker intends to associate the hearer is specifically divided into four reasons. The first reason is that the speaker has an intention to show his or her affection and to respect the hearer. This reason maintains a close relationship between the speaker and the hearer. The second reason is that the speaker intends to minimize the speaker- hearer distance. This reason occurs when the speaker has a higher social status than the hearer. The next reason is that the speaker intends to associate the hearer who dissociates the speaker. The basic context of this reason is that the speaker is hated by the hearer but the speaker is still willing to associate the hearer. The last reason is that the speaker has an intention to motivate the hearer. This reason occurs when the hearer needs to be motivated. On the other hands, the reason that the speaker has an intention to dissociate the hearer is divided into three reasons namely to tease the hearer, to show that the speaker does not like the hearer, and to show the speaker’s anger. The first reason is that the speaker has an intention to tease the hearer. This reason occurs when the speaker and the hearer have a bad relationship. The second reason is that the speaker intends to show that he or she does not like the hearer. Similar with the first reason, this reason occurs when the speaker has a bad relationship with the hearer. The last reason is related to the speaker’s intention to show his or her anger. The context occurred in this reason is that the speaker is angry since the hearer has made a mistake. Therefore, it can be said that the speaker has a bad relationship with the hearer. It is finally expected that this research will be useful for those who are interested in the related study. In addition, it is suggested that those who do research in linguistics are able to develop the research to other aspects of deixis. Furthermore, it is suggested that the film maker can provide vocative expressions containing insincere perlocutionary acts, exploitation of group term distinction and inconsistent vocative phrases so that the analysis will be more various and complete

AN ANALYSIS ON TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY OF WORDPLAY FOUND IN THE FILM BRING IT ON

The purposes of this study are; to find out kinds of wordplay found in the film Bring It On, to describe translation techniques used to translate the wordplay, and to describe the impact of translation techniques used to the accuracy, acceptability, and readability of the translation. This study is a descriptive qualitative research, which means that the researcher does not propose a hypothesis and the data is in the form of qualitative data. The study uses inductive analysis and case study research. All 64 data are wordplay taken from the film Bring It On. This study uses questionnaire to assess the accuracy and acceptability. Observation and interview are used to assess the readability. The analysis result shows that there are seven kinds of wordplay found, namely paronymy (28 data), initialism (13 data), nicknaming (8 data), homonymy (7 data), malapropism (4 data), polysemy (3 data), and portmanteau (1 datum). The translation techniques analysis result presents that there are five techniques used, i. e. pun translated to pun (4 data), pun translated to non pun (38 data), pun translated to zero pun (1 datum), pun in ST is similar to pun in TT (20 data), and editorial technique (1 datum). From the thourough translation quality assessment, it can be concluded that most of the translation is accurate. Although most of the translation is accurate, the acceptability and readability assessment present that most of them are unacceptable and unredable. Keywords: wordplay, wordplay translation

Bring it on home: An Exhibition of Sonny Boy Williamson II Materials from the William E. Donoghue Collection

Anyone learning about the blues can easily be forgiven for mistaking the identities of two famous blues harmonica players, both named Sonny Boy Williamson. Scholars differentiate the two as Sonny Boy Williamson I (John Lee Curtis Williamson, 1914-1948) and Sonny Boy Williamson II (Alex Miller, 1912-1965). The majority of this exhibit focuses on Sonny Boy Williamson II. William E. “Bill” Donoghue (1941–2017) was an investment expert and author of an investment newsletter and multiple books, including The New York Times best selling William E. Donoghue’s Complete Money Market Guide. Donoghue’s other major passion was Sonny Boy Williamson II. Using the sobriquet ‘Fessor Mojo, Donoghue gave multiple lectures on his blues hero, authored the book “Don’t Start Me To Talkin’” (1997). He was working on a manuscript and documentary intended to be the authoritative sources on Sonny Boy Williamson II. Bill’s family donated his extensive collection to the Blues Archive earlier this year. The items displayed here represent only a small fraction of this collection.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/spe_exhibits/1018/thumbnail.jp

Bring it On: The High-Stakes Battle Over Whether the Courts, Congress or the FEC Should Muzzle Independent 527 Television Advertising

This Note analyzes possible FEC actions, pending court decisions, and proposed legislation that could once again dramatically change the landscape of political advertising. Section I of this Note examines the BCRA and the Supreme Court\u27s subsequent ruling in McConnell v. FEC that created the environment that caused 527\u27s to flourish. Section II focuses on FEC enforcement of campaign finance laws and examines a pending court case considering whether the FEC acted arbitrarily by failing to require all 527\u27s to register as political committees. Section III considers whether courts or law-makers should require 527\u27s to register as political committees in light of the plain language of campaign finance laws, Supreme Court cases, and policy considerations. Section IV suggests a course of action

“Did I bring it on myself?” An exploratory study of the beliefs that adolescents referred to mental health services have about the causes of their depression

Background: The causal beliefs which adults have regarding their mental health difficulties have been linked to help-seeking behaviour, treatment preferences and the outcome of therapy; yet the topic remains a relatively unexplored one in the adolescent literature. Aims: This exploratory study aims to explore the causal beliefs regarding depression among a sample of clinically referred adolescents. Design: 77 adolescents, aged between 11 and 17, all diagnosed with moderate to severe depression, were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule, at the beginning of their participation in a randomised controlled trial. Data were analysed qualitatively using Framework Analysis. Findings: The study identified three themes related to causal beliefs: 1) Bewilderment about why they were depressed; 2) Depression as a result of rejection, victimisation and stress; and 3) Something inside is to blame. Conclusion: Although some adolescents struggled to identify the causes of their depression, many identified stressful life experiences as the cause of their current depression. They also tended to emphasise their own negative ways of interpreting those events, and some believed that their depression was caused by something inside them. Adolescents’ causal beliefs are likely to have implications for the way they seek help and engage in treatment, making it important to understand how adolescents understand their difficulties