Vianinda Pratama Sari. C0305006. 2010. AN ANALYSIS OF VOCATIVE
EXPRESSIONS IN THE FILM ENTITLED “BRING IT ON”. English
Department. Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University.
Surakarta
This research investigates non-referential vocative expressions employed
by the characters in the film entitled “Bring It On”. The objectives of this research
are to find out the types of vocative expressions employed by the characters in the
film entitled “Bring It On” and to describe the reasons why those characters
employ a certain type of vocative expressions.
This research used a descriptive qualitative research referring to the
method to formulate the conclusion by collecting, classifying, and interpreting the
data of the research.
The data sources of the research were the film entitled “Bring It On”
directed by Peyton Reed and its script found from the internet. All of the
utterances containing non-referential vocative expressions employed by the
characters in the film entitled “Bring It On” were used as the data of the research.
This research applied purposive sampling technique in which several significant
data containing non-referential vocative expressions were analyzed.
Derived from the analysis, the research concludes that there are four types
of vocative expressions employed by the characters in the film entitled “Bring It
On” according to Kubo’s speech act theoretic analysis of vocatives. They are
associative non-referential calling, dissociative non-referential calling, associative
non-referential addressing, and dissociative non-referential addressing. Those
different types of non-referential vocative expressions are certainly influenced by
different contexts of situation. The reasons why the characters in the film entitled
“Bring It On” employ a certain type of vocative expressions are analyzed based
on either a perlocutionary act of association or a perlocutionary act of dissociaton
contained in the vocative expression. Basically, there are two reasons why the
characters employ a certain type of vocative expressions namely to associate the
hearer and to dissociate the hearer. The reason that the speaker intends to
associate the hearer is specifically divided into four reasons. The first reason is
that the speaker has an intention to show his or her affection and to respect the
hearer. This reason maintains a close relationship between the speaker and the
hearer. The second reason is that the speaker intends to minimize the speaker-
hearer distance. This reason occurs when the speaker has a higher social status
than the hearer. The next reason is that the speaker intends to associate the hearer
who dissociates the speaker. The basic context of this reason is that the speaker is
hated by the hearer but the speaker is still willing to associate the hearer. The last
reason is that the speaker has an intention to motivate the hearer. This reason
occurs when the hearer needs to be motivated. On the other hands, the reason that
the speaker has an intention to dissociate the hearer is divided into three reasons
namely to tease the hearer, to show that the speaker does not like the hearer, and
to show the speaker’s anger. The first reason is that the speaker has an intention to
tease the hearer. This reason occurs when the speaker and the hearer have a bad
relationship. The second reason is that the speaker intends to show that he or she
does not like the hearer. Similar with the first reason, this reason occurs when the
speaker has a bad relationship with the hearer. The last reason is related to the
speaker’s intention to show his or her anger. The context occurred in this reason is
that the speaker is angry since the hearer has made a mistake. Therefore, it can be
said that the speaker has a bad relationship with the hearer.
It is finally expected that this research will be useful for those who are
interested in the related study. In addition, it is suggested that those who do
research in linguistics are able to develop the research to other aspects of deixis.
Furthermore, it is suggested that the film maker can provide vocative expressions
containing insincere perlocutionary acts, exploitation of group term distinction
and inconsistent vocative phrases so that the analysis will be more various and
complete