6 research outputs found

    Brain-Computer Interfaces. Applying our Minds to Human-Computer Interaction

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    Brain-Computer Interfaces and Human-Computer Interaction

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    Brain-Computer Interfaces: Beyond Medical Applications

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    International audienceBrain-computer interaction has already moved from assistive care to applications such as gaming. Improvements in usability, hardware, signal processing, and system integration should yield applications in other nonmedical areas

    AmĂ©liorer les interactions homme-machine et la prĂ©sence sociale avec l’informatique physiologique

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    This thesis explores how physiological computing can contribute to human-computer interaction (HCI) and foster new communication channels among the general public. We investigated how physiological sensors, such as electroencephalography (EEG), could be employed to assess the mental state of the users and how they relate to other evaluation methods. We created the first brain-computer interface that could sense visual comfort during the viewing of stereoscopic images and shaped a framework that could help to assess the over all user experience by monitoring workload, attention and error recognition.To lower the barrier between end users and physiological sensors,we participated in the software integration of a low-cost and open hardware EEG device; used off-the shelf webcams to measure heart rate remotely, crafted we arables that can quickly equip users so that electrocardiography, electrodermal activity or EEG may be measured during public exhibitions. We envisioned new usages for our sensors, that would increase social presence. In a study about human-agent interaction, participants tended to prefer virtual avatars that were mirroring their own internal state. A follow-up study focused on interactions between users to describe how physiological monitoringcould alter our relationships. Advances in HCI enabled us to seam lesslyintegrate biofeedback to the physical world. We developped Teegi, apuppet that lets novices discover by themselves about their brain activity. Finally, with Tobe, a toolkit that encompasses more sensors and give more freedom about their visualizations, we explored how such proxy shifts our representations, about our selves as well as about the others.Cette thĂšse explore comment l’informatique physiologique peut contribuer aux interactions homme-machine (IHM) et encourager l’apparition de nouveaux canaux de communication parmi le grand public. Nous avons examinĂ© comment des capteurs physiologiques,tels que l’électroencĂ©phalographie (EEG), pourraient ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s afin d’estimer l’état mental des utilisateurs et comment ils se positionnent par rapport Ă  d’autres mĂ©thodes d’évaluation. Nous avons crĂ©Ă© la premiĂšre interface cerveau-ordinateur capable de discriminer le confort visuel pendant le visionnage d’images stĂ©rĂ©oscopiques et nous avons esquissĂ© un systĂšme qui peux aider Ă  estimer l’expĂ©rience utilisateur dans son ensemble, en mesurant charge mentale, attention et reconnaissance d’erreur. Pour abaisser la barriĂšre entre utilisateurs finaux et capteurs physiologiques, nous avons participĂ© Ă  l’intĂ©gration logicielle d’un appareil EEG bon marchĂ© et libre, nous avons utilisĂ© des webcams du commerce pour mesurer le rythme cardiaque Ă  distance, nous avons confectionnĂ© des wearables dont les utilisateurs peuvent rapidement s’équiper afin qu’électrocardiographie, activitĂ© Ă©lectrodermale et EEG puissent ĂȘtre mesurĂ©es lors de manifestations publiques. Nous avons imaginĂ© de nouveaux usages pour nos capteurs, qui augmenteraient la prĂ©sence sociale. Dans une Ă©tude autour de l’interaction humain agent,les participants avaient tendance Ă  prĂ©fĂ©rer les avatars virtuels rĂ©pliquant leurs propres Ă©tats internes. Une Ă©tude ultĂ©rieure s’est concentrĂ©e sur l’interaction entre utilisateurs, profitant d’un jeu de plateau pour dĂ©crire comment l’examen de la physiologie pourrait changer nos rapports. Des avancĂ©es en IHM ont permis d’intĂ©grer de maniĂšre transparente du biofeedback au monde physique. Nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© Teegi, une poupĂ©e qui permet aux novices d’en dĂ©couvrir plus sur leur activitĂ© cĂ©rĂ©brale, par eux-mĂȘmes. Enfin avec Tobe, un toolkit qui comprend plus de capteurs et donne plus de libertĂ© quant Ă  leurs visualisations, nous avons explorĂ© comment un tel proxy dĂ©calenos reprĂ©sentations, tant de nous-mĂȘmes que des autres

    Brain-Based Indices for User System Symbiosis

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    The future generation user system interfaces need to be user-centric which goes beyond user-friendly and includes understanding and anticipating user intentions. We introduce the concept of operator models, their role in implementing user-system symbiosis, and the usefulness of brain-based indices on for instance effort, vigilance, workload and engagement to continuously update the operator model. Currently, the best understood parameters in the operator model are vigilance and workload. An overview of the currently employed brain-based indices showed that indices for the lower workload levels (often based on power in the alpha and theta band of the EEG) are quite reliable, but good indices for the higher workload spectrum are still missing. We argue that this is due to the complex situation when performance stays optimal despite increasing task demands because the operator invests more effort. We introduce a model based on perceptual control theory that provides insight into what happens in this situations and how this affects physiological and brain-based indices.We argue that a symbiotic system only needs to intervene directly in situations of under and overload, but not in a high workload situation. Here, the system must leave the option to adapt on a short notice exclusively to the operator. The system should lower task demands only in the long run to reduce the risk of fatigue or long recovery times. We end by indicating future operator model parameters that can be reflected by brain-based indices
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