Fingerprint Verification Using Spectral Minutiae Representations

Most fingerprint recognition systems are based on the use of a minutiae set, which is an unordered collection of minutiae locations and orientations suffering from various deformations such as translation, rotation, and scaling. The spectral minutiae representation introduced in this paper is a novel method to represent a minutiae set as a fixed-length feature vector, which is invariant to translation, and in which rotation and scaling become translations, so that they can be easily compensated for. These characteristics enable the combination of fingerprint recognition systems with template protection schemes that require a fixed-length feature vector. This paper introduces the concept of algorithms for two representation methods: the location-based spectral minutiae representation and the orientation-based spectral minutiae representation. Both algorithms are evaluated using two correlation-based spectral minutiae matching algorithms. We present the performance of our algorithms on three fingerprint databases. We also show how the performance can be improved by using a fusion scheme and singular points

Biometric ID Cybersurveillance

The implementation of a universal digitalized biometric ID system risks normalizing and integrating mass cybersurveillance into the daily lives of ordinary citizens. ID documents such as driver’s licenses in some states and all U.S. passports are now implanted with radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. In recent proposals, Congress has considered implementing a digitalized biometric identification card—such as a biometric-based, “high-tech” Social Security Card—which may eventually lead to the development of a universal multimodal biometric database (e.g., the collection of the digital photos, fingerprints, iris scans, and/or DNA of all citizens and noncitizens). Such “hightech” IDs, once merged with GPS-RFID tracking technology, would facilitate exponentially a convergence of cybersurveillance-body tracking and data surveillance, or dataveillance-biographical tracking. Yet, the existing Fourth Amendment jurisprudence is tethered to a “reasonable expectation of privacy” test that does not appear to restrain the comprehensive, suspicionless amassing of databases that concern the biometric data, movements, activities, and other personally identifiable information of individuals. In this Article, I initiate a project to explore the constitutional and other legal consequences of big data cybersurveillance generally and mass biometric dataveillance in particular. This Article focuses on how biometric data is increasingly incorporated into identity management systems through bureaucratized cybersurveillance or the normalization of cybersurveillance through the daily course of business and integrated forms of governance

Разработка системы идентификации личности по отпечаткам пальцев

Dactyloscopy (fingerprint recognition) is the most developed to the date biometric method of personal identification. The catalyst for the development of the method was its widespread use in criminology of the XX century. As each person has a unique papillary pattern of fingerprints, so identification is possible. Typically, algorithms use characteristic points on fingerprints: the end of the pattern line, branching lines, single points. In addition, information about the morphological structure of the fingerprint is attracted: the relative position of the closed lines of the papillary pattern, “arched” and spiral lines. Peculiarities of papillary patterns are converted to some unique codes, which preserves the information content of the fingerprint image. And it is “fingerprint codes” that are stored in the database used for searching and comparing. Currently, fingerprint recognition systems occupy more than half of the biometric market. A lot of companies are engaged in the production of access control systems based on the method of fingerprinting identification. Due to the fact that this direction is one of the oldest, it has become the most widespread and is currently the most developed. Fingerprint scanners have come a really long way to improve. Modern systems are equipped with various sensors (temperature, pressing force, etc.), which increase the degree of protection against counterfeiting. Every day the systems become more convenient and compact.Дактилоскопия (распознавание отпечатков пальцев) – наиболее разработанный на сегодняшний день биометрический метод идентификации личности. Катализатором развития метода послужило его широкое использование в криминалистике XX века. Каждый человек имеет уникальный папиллярный узор отпечатков пальцев, благодаря чему и возможна идентификация. Обычно алгоритмы используют характерные точки на отпечатках пальцев: окончание линии узора, разветвлении линии, одиночные точки. Дополнительно привлекается информация о морфологической структуре отпечатка пальца: относительное положение замкнутых линий папиллярного узора, «арочных» и спиральных линий. Особенности папиллярного узора преобразовываются в уникальный код, который сохраняет информативность изображения отпечатка. И именно «коды отпечатков пальцев» хранятся в базе данных, используемой для поиска и сравнения. На данный момент системы распознавания по отпечаткам пальцев занимают более половины биометрического рынка. Множество российских и зарубежных компаний занимаются производством систем управления доступом, основанных на методе дактилоскопической идентификации. По причине того, что это направление является одним из самых давнишних, оно получило наибольшее распространение и является на сегодняшний день самым разработанным. Сканеры отпечатков пальцев прошли действительно длинный путь к улучшению. Современные системы оснащены различными датчиками (температуры, силы нажатия и т. п.), которые повышают степень защиты от подделок. С каждым днем системы становятся все более удобными и компактными

Novel active sweat pores based liveness detection techniques for fingerprint biometrics

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Liveness detection in automatic fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) is an issue which still prevents its use in many unsupervised security applications. In the last decade, various hardware and software solutions for the detection of liveness from fingerprints have been proposed by academic research groups. However, the proposed methods have not yet been practically implemented with existing AFIS. A large amount of research is needed before commercial AFIS can be implemented. In this research, novel active pore based liveness detection methods were proposed for AFIS. These novel methods are based on the detection of active pores on fingertip ridges, and the measurement of ionic activity in the sweat fluid that appears at the openings of active pores. The literature is critically reviewed in terms of liveness detection issues. Existing fingerprint technology, and hardware and software solutions proposed for liveness detection are also examined. A comparative study has been completed on the commercially and specifically collected fingerprint databases, and it was concluded that images in these datasets do not contained any visible evidence of liveness. They were used to test various algorithms developed for liveness detection; however, to implement proper liveness detection in fingerprint systems a new database with fine details of fingertips is needed. Therefore a new high resolution Brunel Fingerprint Biometric Database (B-FBDB) was captured and collected for this novel liveness detection research. The first proposed novel liveness detection method is a High Pass Correlation Filtering Algorithm (HCFA). This image processing algorithm has been developed in Matlab and tested on B-FBDB dataset images. The results of the HCFA algorithm have proved the idea behind the research, as they successfully demonstrated the clear possibility of liveness detection by active pore detection from high resolution images. The second novel liveness detection method is based on the experimental evidence. This method explains liveness detection by measuring the ionic activities above the sample of ionic sweat fluid. A Micro Needle Electrode (MNE) based setup was used in this experiment to measure the ionic activities. In results, 5.9 pC to 6.5 pC charges were detected with ten NME positions (50μm to 360 μm) above the surface of ionic sweat fluid. These measurements are also a proof of liveness from active fingertip pores, and this technique can be used in the future to implement liveness detection solutions. The interaction of NME and ionic fluid was modelled in COMSOL multiphysics, and the effect of electric field variations on NME was recorded at 5μm -360μm positions above the ionic fluid.This study is funded by the University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan and the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan

Identification of a personality

Biometric technologies are based on biometrics, measurement of the unique characteristics of a certain person. These are the unique signs received by a person from birth and acquired characteristics that can change under the influence of time or external environment. This article discusses the principles of operation, types of biometric identification systems, describes examples and areas of their application

The Electronic Passport and the Future of Government-Issued RFID-Based Identification

Passports and other identification documents may be enhanced using recent advancements in technology. Various national and international bodies are pursuing machine-readable approaches with biometric information. In particular, the international civil aviation organization (ICAO) has adopted standards whereby passports can store biometric identifiers. Countries that participate in the visa waiver program (VWP) began issuing electronic passports in 2006. However, the selection of technologies remains questionable due to privacy and security concerns. This paper examines policy regarding these electronic approaches and developments toward electronic data storage and transmission. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) devices for electronic passports and other existing identity documents are discussed