5 research outputs found

    The influence of overlap in classes in training and test set on face recognition performance

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    Several studies use an overlap in individuals (classes) between the training and test set during performance evaluation of face recognition systems, but little is known about the influence of having overlap in classes. This study investigates the influence of overlap in classes in the training and test set on recognition performance in a PCA/LDA-based log likelihood ratio classifier. 278 classes from the FRCG dataset with 20 samples per class are used to investigate overlap percentages of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The results show an equal error rate of 3.09% at 0% overlap and an equal error rate of 1.24% for 100% overlap. Additionally, no difference in performance was found between overlap percentages of 0% and 25%. The results of this study suggest that having a big overlap in classes between the training and the test set results in an overestimation of face recognition performance

    Biometric Face Recognition Based on Enhanced Histogram Approach

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    Biometric face recognition including digital processing and analyzing a subject's facial structure. This system has a certain number of points and measures, including the distances between the main features such as eyes, nose and mouth, angles of features such as the jaw and forehead with the lengths of the different parts of the face. With this information, the implemented algorithm creates a unique model with all the digital data. This model can then be compared with the huge databases of images of the face to identify the subject. The recognition features are retrieved here using histogram equalization technique. A high-resolution result is obtained applying this algorithm under the conditions of a specific image database.

    Color-based facial recognition system

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    This paper develops an algorithm system to check whether the role of color can be an important attribute in facial recognition systems in two dimensions (2-D), with frontal orientation and small variations in the gestures of individuals. The first phase involves the detection and localization of the human face for which the learning algorithm uses a combination of AdaBoost and cascade classifiers to increase detection rates. In a second phase the eigenfaces approach is applied and a clasification system is implemented, to recognize and identify the subject of entry to a specific individual, using the Euclidean and Mahalanobis distance. We illustrate the results of the proposed system for both color images as gray, finding that the color information at the HSV plane can improve recognition rates when compared with the RGB plane.En este trabajo se desarrolla un sistema algor铆tmico con el fin de comprobar si el papel del color puede ser un atributo importante en los sistemas de reconocimiento facial en dos dimensiones (2-D), con orientaci贸n frontal y peque帽as variaciones en los gestos de los individuos. La primera fase consiste en la detecci贸n y localizaci贸n del rostro humano para la cual se emplea el algoritmo de aprendizaje AdaBoost y una combinaci贸n de clasificadores en cascada, con el fin de aumentar las tasas de detecci贸n. En una segunda fase se aplica el enfoque de eigenfaces y se implementa un sistema clasificador para reconocer e identificar el sujeto de entrada a un individuo espec铆fico, utilizando la distancia euclidiana y de mahalanobis. Se ilustran los resultados obtenidos del sistema propuesto tanto para im谩genes en color como en grises, contrastando que la informaci贸n del color en el plano HSV puede mejorar las tasas de reconocimiento cuando se compara con el plano RGB

    Face recognition by means of advanced contributions in machine learning

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    Face recognition (FR) has been extensively studied, due to both scientific fundamental challenges and current and potential applications where human identification is needed. FR systems have the benefits of their non intrusiveness, low cost of equipments and no useragreement requirements when doing acquisition, among the most important ones. Nevertheless, despite the progress made in last years and the different solutions proposed, FR performance is not yet satisfactory when more demanding conditions are required (different viewpoints, blocked effects, illumination changes, strong lighting states, etc). Particularly, the effect of such non-controlled lighting conditions on face images leads to one of the strongest distortions in facial appearance. This dissertation addresses the problem of FR when dealing with less constrained illumination situations. In order to approach the problem, a new multi-session and multi-spectral face database has been acquired in visible, Near-infrared (NIR) and Thermal infrared (TIR) spectra, under different lighting conditions. A theoretical analysis using information theory to demonstrate the complementarities between different spectral bands have been firstly carried out. The optimal exploitation of the information provided by the set of multispectral images has been subsequently addressed by using multimodal matching score fusion techniques that efficiently synthesize complementary meaningful information among different spectra. Due to peculiarities in thermal images, a specific face segmentation algorithm has been required and developed. In the final proposed system, the Discrete Cosine Transform as dimensionality reduction tool and a fractional distance for matching were used, so that the cost in processing time and memory was significantly reduced. Prior to this classification task, a selection of the relevant frequency bands is proposed in order to optimize the overall system, based on identifying and maximizing independence relations by means of discriminability criteria. The system has been extensively evaluated on the multispectral face database specifically performed for our purpose. On this regard, a new visualization procedure has been suggested in order to combine different bands for establishing valid comparisons and giving statistical information about the significance of the results. This experimental framework has more easily enabled the improvement of robustness against training and testing illumination mismatch. Additionally, focusing problem in thermal spectrum has been also addressed, firstly, for the more general case of the thermal images (or thermograms), and then for the case of facialthermograms from both theoretical and practical point of view. In order to analyze the quality of such facial thermograms degraded by blurring, an appropriate algorithm has been successfully developed. Experimental results strongly support the proposed multispectral facial image fusion, achieving very high performance in several conditions. These results represent a new advance in providing a robust matching across changes in illumination, further inspiring highly accurate FR approaches in practical scenarios.El reconeixement facial (FR) ha estat 脿mpliament estudiat, degut tant als reptes fonamentals cient铆fics que suposa com a les aplicacions actuals i futures on requereix la identificaci贸 de les persones. Els sistemes de reconeixement facial tenen els avantatges de ser no intrusius,presentar un baix cost dels equips d鈥檃dquisici贸 i no la no necessitat d鈥檃utoritzaci贸 per part de l鈥檌ndividu a l鈥檋ora de realitzar l'adquisici贸, entre les m茅s importants. De totes maneres i malgrat els aven莽os aconseguits en els darrers anys i les diferents solucions proposades, el rendiment del FR encara no resulta satisfactori quan es requereixen condicions m茅s exigents (diferents punts de vista, efectes de bloqueig, canvis en la il路luminaci贸, condicions de llum extremes, etc.). Concretament, l'efecte d'aquestes variacions no controlades en les condicions d'il路luminaci贸 sobre les imatges facials condueix a una de les distorsions m茅s accentuades sobre l'aparen莽a facial. Aquesta tesi aborda el problema del FR en condicions d'il路luminaci贸 menys restringides. Per tal d'abordar el problema, hem adquirit una nova base de dades de cara multisessi贸 i multiespectral en l'espectre infraroig visible, infraroig proper (NIR) i t猫rmic (TIR), sota diferents condicions d'il路luminaci贸. En primer lloc s'ha dut a terme una an脿lisi te貌rica utilitzant la teoria de la informaci贸 per demostrar la complementarietat entre les diferents bandes espectrals objecte d鈥檈studi. L'貌ptim aprofitament de la informaci贸 proporcionada pel conjunt d'imatges multiespectrals s'ha abordat posteriorment mitjan莽ant l'煤s de t猫cniques de fusi贸 de puntuaci贸 multimodals, capaces de sintetitzar de manera eficient el conjunt d鈥檌nformaci贸 significativa complement脿ria entre els diferents espectres. A causa de les caracter铆stiques particulars de les imatges t猫rmiques, s鈥檋a requerit del desenvolupament d鈥檜n algorisme espec铆fic per la segmentaci贸 de les mateixes. En el sistema proposat final, s鈥檋a utilitzat com a eina de reducci贸 de la dimensionalitat de les imatges, la Transformada del Cosinus Discreta i una dist脿ncia fraccional per realitzar les tasques de classificaci贸 de manera que el cost en temps de processament i de mem貌ria es va reduir de forma significa. Pr猫viament a aquesta tasca de classificaci贸, es proposa una selecci贸 de les bandes de freq眉猫ncies m茅s rellevants, basat en la identificaci贸 i la maximitzaci贸 de les relacions d'independ猫ncia per mitj脿 de criteris discriminabilitat, per tal d'optimitzar el conjunt del sistema. El sistema ha estat 脿mpliament avaluat sobre la base de dades de cara multiespectral, desenvolupada pel nostre prop貌sit. En aquest sentit s'ha suggerit l鈥櫭簊 d鈥檜n nou procediment de visualitzaci贸 per combinar diferents bandes per poder establir comparacions v脿lides i donar informaci贸 estad铆stica sobre el significat dels resultats. Aquest marc experimental ha perm猫s m茅s f脿cilment la millora de la robustesa quan les condicions d鈥檌l路luminaci贸 eren diferents entre els processos d鈥檈ntrament i test. De forma complement脿ria, s鈥檋a tractat la problem脿tica de l鈥檈nfocament de les imatges en l'espectre t猫rmic, en primer lloc, pel cas general de les imatges t猫rmiques (o termogrames) i posteriorment pel cas concret dels termogrames facials, des dels punt de vista tant te貌ric com pr脿ctic. En aquest sentit i per tal d'analitzar la qualitat d鈥檃quests termogrames facials degradats per efectes de desenfocament, s'ha desenvolupat un 煤ltim algorisme. Els resultats experimentals recolzen fermament que la fusi贸 d'imatges facials multiespectrals proposada assoleix un rendiment molt alt en diverses condicions d鈥檌l路luminaci贸. Aquests resultats representen un nou aven莽 en l鈥檃portaci贸 de solucions robustes quan es contemplen canvis en la il路luminaci贸, i esperen poder inspirar a futures implementacions de sistemes de reconeixement facial precisos en escenaris no controlats.Postprint (published version
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