311 research outputs found

    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum

    Security and Privacy for Modern Wireless Communication Systems

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    The aim of this reprint focuses on the latest protocol research, software/hardware development and implementation, and system architecture design in addressing emerging security and privacy issues for modern wireless communication networks. Relevant topics include, but are not limited to, the following: deep-learning-based security and privacy design; covert communications; information-theoretical foundations for advanced security and privacy techniques; lightweight cryptography for power constrained networks; physical layer key generation; prototypes and testbeds for security and privacy solutions; encryption and decryption algorithm for low-latency constrained networks; security protocols for modern wireless communication networks; network intrusion detection; physical layer design with security consideration; anonymity in data transmission; vulnerabilities in security and privacy in modern wireless communication networks; challenges of security and privacy in node–edge–cloud computation; security and privacy design for low-power wide-area IoT networks; security and privacy design for vehicle networks; security and privacy design for underwater communications networks

    COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF GENE REGULATION, GAMETE FORMATION, AND EMBRYO IMPLANTATION

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    DNA located in genes is transcribed into RNA which is translated into protein. The regulation of transcription and translation is carried out by several factors including a gene’s primary sequence, cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in non-coding DNA regions, epigenetic marks on the histones which compact DNA, and trans-binding factors (or proteins). The differential expression of a gene is crucial for establishing lineage-specific cell identity and phenotypic variability. Mutation or dysregulation may lead to natural variation within a population or aberrant gene expression and disease; trait-associated variation is known to be enriched in putative CREs, supporting their role in the origins of disease. Understanding the mechanisms by which CREs interact with one another and their cellular environment to regulate transcription may inform knowledge of biological pathways and provide a crucial foundation for developing new treatments. Further, because all DNA is passed to an offspring from their parents, it is important to understand not just the outcomes on expression due to coding and non-coding variation, but also how genetic material is passed to future generations. These dissertation chapters apply modeling approaches to large amounts of genetic and gene expression data in order to 1) better understand how the sequence and epigenetic makeup of CREs impact gene expression within hematopoiesis; 2) scan for selfish genetic elements which are preferentially passed to offspring within human sperm samples; and 3) predict implantation success for euploid embryos given gene expression profiles. Our models within Chapters 2-4 describe the impact of CREs within the blood cell lineage, connecting CREs to putative target genes, and establishing that the hematopoietic CREs were enriched for blood-trait associated genetic variation. Within Chapter 5, we find no compelling evidence of selfish genetic elements within a large sample of human sperm. Finally, within Chapter 6, we identify some genes which seem to impact the success of IVF embryo implantation by acting through regulation of translation

    A critical appraisal of research in arts, health and wellbeing

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    In interviews study participants stated the importance of the arts, its value, and the contribution to improve their ... This review considered wellbeing as reported in the included studies at the individual and community levels

    The Fifteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting

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    The three volumes of the proceedings of MG15 give a broad view of all aspects of gravitational physics and astrophysics, from mathematical issues to recent observations and experiments. The scientific program of the meeting included 40 morning plenary talks over 6 days, 5 evening popular talks and nearly 100 parallel sessions on 71 topics spread over 4 afternoons. These proceedings are a representative sample of the very many oral and poster presentations made at the meeting.Part A contains plenary and review articles and the contributions from some parallel sessions, while Parts B and C consist of those from the remaining parallel sessions. The contents range from the mathematical foundations of classical and quantum gravitational theories including recent developments in string theory, to precision tests of general relativity including progress towards the detection of gravitational waves, and from supernova cosmology to relativistic astrophysics, including topics such as gamma ray bursts, black hole physics both in our galaxy and in active galactic nuclei in other galaxies, and neutron star, pulsar and white dwarf astrophysics. Parallel sessions touch on dark matter, neutrinos, X-ray sources, astrophysical black holes, neutron stars, white dwarfs, binary systems, radiative transfer, accretion disks, quasars, gamma ray bursts, supernovas, alternative gravitational theories, perturbations of collapsed objects, analog models, black hole thermodynamics, numerical relativity, gravitational lensing, large scale structure, observational cosmology, early universe models and cosmic microwave background anisotropies, inhomogeneous cosmology, inflation, global structure, singularities, chaos, Einstein-Maxwell systems, wormholes, exact solutions of Einstein's equations, gravitational waves, gravitational wave detectors and data analysis, precision gravitational measurements, quantum gravity and loop quantum gravity, quantum cosmology, strings and branes, self-gravitating systems, gamma ray astronomy, cosmic rays and the history of general relativity

    Distances and component sizes in scale-free random graphs

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    Content-aware approach for improving biomedical image analysis: an interdisciplinary study series

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    Biomedicine is a highly interdisciplinary research area at the interface of sciences, anatomy, physiology, and medicine. In the last decade, biomedical studies have been greatly enhanced by the introduction of new technologies and techniques for automated quantitative imaging, thus considerably advancing the possibility to investigate biological phenomena through image analysis. However, the effectiveness of this interdisciplinary approach is bounded by the limited knowledge that a biologist and a computer scientist, by professional training, have of each other’s fields. The possible solution to make up for both these lacks lies in training biologists to make them interdisciplinary researchers able to develop dedicated image processing and analysis tools by exploiting a content-aware approach. The aim of this Thesis is to show the effectiveness of a content-aware approach to automated quantitative imaging, by its application to different biomedical studies, with the secondary desirable purpose of motivating researchers to invest in interdisciplinarity. Such content-aware approach has been applied firstly to the phenomization of tumour cell response to stress by confocal fluorescent imaging, and secondly, to the texture analysis of trabecular bone microarchitecture in micro-CT scans. Third, this approach served the characterization of new 3-D multicellular spheroids of human stem cells, and the investigation of the role of the Nogo-A protein in tooth innervation. Finally, the content-aware approach also prompted to the development of two novel methods for local image analysis and colocalization quantification. In conclusion, the content-aware approach has proved its benefit through building new approaches that have improved the quality of image analysis, strengthening the statistical significance to allow unveiling biological phenomena. Hopefully, this Thesis will contribute to inspire researchers to striving hard for pursuing interdisciplinarity

    A review of commercialisation mechanisms for carbon dioxide removal

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    The deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) needs to be scaled up to achieve net zero emission pledges. In this paper we survey the policy mechanisms currently in place globally to incentivise CDR, together with an estimate of what different mechanisms are paying per tonne of CDR, and how those costs are currently distributed. Incentive structures are grouped into three structures, market-based, public procurement, and fiscal mechanisms. We find the majority of mechanisms currently in operation are underresourced and pay too little to enable a portfolio of CDR that could support achievement of net zero. The majority of mechanisms are concentrated in market-based and fiscal structures, specifically carbon markets and subsidies. While not primarily motivated by CDR, mechanisms tend to support established afforestation and soil carbon sequestration methods. Mechanisms for geological CDR remain largely underdeveloped relative to the requirements of modelled net zero scenarios. Commercialisation pathways for CDR require suitable policies and markets throughout the projects development cycle. Discussion and investment in CDR has tended to focus on technology development. Our findings suggest that an equal or greater emphasis on policy innovation may be required if future requirements for CDR are to be met. This study can further support research and policy on the identification of incentive gaps and realistic potential for CDR globally

    Typological variation in language contact: A phonological analysis of Italiot Greek

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    This dissertation investigates the phonology of Italiot Greek (IG) from both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective, pursuing two core objectives: first, to provide an up-to-date description of the phonological system of IG, highlighting the deviations from Medieval Greek as well as the vast cross- and intra-dialectal variation, and, second, to account for the typological changes IG has undergone and formalize the convergence with the Romance grammatical system. The description of the phonological system of IG is based on original data obtained via fieldwork in the IG-speaking enclaves (Salento and Calabria). The in-depth presentation covers phoneme inventories, phonological processes, the organization of the syllable, sandhi phenomena, and stress properties. Moreover, it focuses attention on the diachronic changes with respect to the consonant inventories and certain phonological processes. Special emphasis is placed on substantial modifications in syllable structure, compared to the Medieval Greek system, and the processes these changes have triggered; specifically, (a) the gradual reduction of place and manner features that are admitted in the coda, which is manifested through diachronic shifts towards less marked values; (b) the licensing of complex onsets at the left edge of the root, which allows long-distance metathesis of liquids. These phenomena not only differentiate contemporary IG from its ancestor as well as from virtually any other Modern Greek dialect, but also constitute crucial points of convergence with Romance dialects due to language contact. Within Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993/2004), the dissertation proposes a novel typological analysis of these major changes in the syllable structure of IG. Following Alber & Prince (2015, in prep.), the analysis places IG within a broader typology of place and manner changes as well as long-distance metathesis and identifies the crucial ranking conditions, i.e. the typological properties, that define each grammar of the typological system. Minimally varying grammars, i.e. grammars that share all but one property value, are shown to constitute chronologically adjacent stages in the history of IG (see Alber 2015; Alber & Meneguzzo 2016). In light of this, stepwise diachronic changes are explained as minimal switches in the property values. Crucially, the divergence of the IG grammar from the Greek system and its converge with Romance is accounted for through the lens of minimal differences in the property values. Thus, the dissertation offers an innovative formal account of contact-induced grammatical change
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