Advances in Public Transport Platform for the Development of Sustainability Cities

Modern societies demand high and varied mobility, which in turn requires a complex transport system adapted to social needs that guarantees the movement of people and goods in an economically efficient and safe way, but all are subject to a new environmental rationality and the new logic of the paradigm of sustainability. From this perspective, an efficient and flexible transport system that provides intelligent and sustainable mobility patterns is essential to our economy and our quality of life. The current transport system poses growing and significant challenges for the environment, human health, and sustainability, while current mobility schemes have focused much more on the private vehicle that has conditioned both the lifestyles of citizens and cities, as well as urban and territorial sustainability. Transport has a very considerable weight in the framework of sustainable development due to environmental pressures, associated social and economic effects, and interrelations with other sectors. The continuous growth that this sector has experienced over the last few years and its foreseeable increase, even considering the change in trends due to the current situation of generalized crisis, make the challenge of sustainable transport a strategic priority at local, national, European, and global levels. This Special Issue will pay attention to all those research approaches focused on the relationship between evolution in the area of transport with a high incidence in the environment from the perspective of efficiency

Full Issue 14(4)

il saggio esamina compiutamente la disciplina dell'art. 19 d.lgs. n. 5/200

CITIES: Energetic Efficiency, Sustainability; Infrastructures, Energy and the Environment; Mobility and IoT; Governance and Citizenship

This book collects important contributions on smart cities. This book was created in collaboration with the ICSC-CITIES2020, held in San José (Costa Rica) in 2020. This book collects articles on: energetic efficiency and sustainability; infrastructures, energy and the environment; mobility and IoT; governance and citizenship

Role of the urban Transportation Agency in Providing Urban Mobility Services: Cases of London, Dubai, and Singapore

Transportation and mobility in a city are essential for healthy and sustainable growth. A city\u27s mobility concerns can be focused on different elements such as the road system, public transit, shared mobility, and biking. To improve mobility in a city, it is important that all these components are integrated and coherently governed, and/or coordinated by one agency. A public transit agency is a legal entity that is usually owned by the government and integrates the urban transit services of a city under one umbrella. It operates transport services to provide mobility to the people, promote economic development, and support environmental protection and social equality. The agency can be dependent on the government or supported by the private sector for operational support in case if it has insufficient funds. In this research, the structure of several public transit agencies is investigated. The study will include a review of elements typical of public transit agencies as they provide urban transit services by exploring the cases of (TfL) in London, (RTA) in Dubai, and (LTA) in Singapore. In particular, this study is designed to answer the following questions: a) how a centralized and independent public agency is reflected in the level of urban transit services in a city; (b) how do the case study cities measure compared to success variables; and (c) why is it important to integrate transit services under one single entity? This research is also making a deep dive into the structure, financing, and performance data such as population and ridership of the agencies to demonstrate the common success factors amongst them. An assessment of mission, vision, and goals is also provided. After investigating and recognizing the most common success criteria in all three agencies, they will be used to develop and structure a template for the establishment of such an agency. Keywords: Urban Transportation, Public Transit Agency, London, Dubai, and Singapor

Framework for integrated planning of bus and paratransit services in Indian cities

Public transport services in India and many other developing countries are provided by a combination of formal-Government led public transport systems and informal paratransit or Intermediate Public Transport (IPT) systems, which offer shuttle services along high demand corridors with passengers boarding and alighting at multiple points. Despite limited Government support, paratransit systems continue to thrive in many cities serving a crucial shared mobility need of users, without which cities would have more private vehicle usage. Due to their informal nature and the perceived competition to formal public transport systems, they have traditionally been either excluded from the public transport planning processes or designed as a feeder service to the formal transit system. The current thesis recognises paratransit’s role in serving end to end travel demand needs, particularly in developing economies with limited public transport supply and not just being a feeder to the formal public transport system. Hence, we develop an integrated planning framework that enables formal and informal public transport systems to operate as complementary systems towards meeting the mobility needs of the city. We proved an integrated planning framework based on comprehensive understanding of the demand and supply characteristics of both formal and informal systems which currently operate independently to realign services and complement each other. The tactical planning stage of public transport planning i.e. frequency setting was identified as the ideal stage of planning for integration of the two types of services. This will ensure continuity of their existing route networks and at the same time allow for paratransit services’ flexibility to switch operations between routes. Visakhapatnam, a representative medium sized Indian city with a significant presence of formal public transport in the form of city bus services and paratransit services provided by three-wheeler auto-rickshaws with a seating capacity of three to six passengers, was selected as the case city to demonstrate the methodology. A household survey based data collection and analysis methodology was adopted to analyse the socio-economic and travel demand characteristics of city bus and paratransit users. The variables impacting users’ choice between these two systems were derived through binary logistic regression. The high frequency and low occupancy paratransit systems were more popular among shorter trips, while longer trips preferred the fixed table bus systems. The operational characteristics of bus and paratransit systems were derived through a combination of primary surveys with paratransit operators and secondary data on the city bus operations. Data regarding their network of operation, services offered, passenger demand and revenue generated were collected for analysis. Buses perform a service function in the city by operating throughout the day and on a wider network, while paratransit operates with a profit motive only on high demand corridors and during peak hours. A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based methodology was adopted to compare the performance efficiency of the two systems using a set of input and output indicators that define the performance of the two systems. Paratransit operations were identified to be more efficient compared to buses, due to their demand responsive operations. The lower efficiency of buses was also due to their service obligation to the city to provide affordable services throughout the day, even in areas with low demand. A bi-level transit assignment and frequency optimisation framework is developed to integrate formal bus and paratransit services. The lower-level of the model solves for the multi- modal transit assignment problem while the upper level solves for the integrated frequency optimisation problem. The transit assignment problem was solved from the users perspective i.e. to minimise their travel time through the user-equilibrium method. The frequency optimisation problem was solved using an integer programming formulation with the objective of minimising operational cost of bus and paratransit systems while meeting constraints like the travel demand on any link. The outputs from the optimisation exercise were used to quantify the impact of the public transport system at various levels i.e. users total travel time spent in the system, operators cost of providing the services and the overall impact on the society by estimating its road space requirement and emissions. Alternative user demand and transit supply scenarios were tested to assess their impacts on the society. The results show significant operational cost benefits of an integrated transit assignment and frequency planning approach where paratransit provides demand responsive services for short distance trips while formal public transport provides fixed schedule services on with broader network coverage. The analysis established the complimentary role played by bus and paratransit systems in meeting users travel demands. Therefore, it is recommended that cities harness both the systems towards meeting increasing travel needs of developing economies. Formal transit will continue to be the core of the public transport system, providing fixed route services, while paratransit can augment its capacity on high demand corridors and during peak hours. The planning and frequency optimisation framework developed in this thesis can help cities in identifying the modal-mix of fixed route public transport and on-demand services

Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Management of Future Motorway and Urban Traffic Systems 2022

The 4th Symposium on Management of Future Motorway and Urban Traffic Systems (MFTS) was held in Dresden, Germany, from November 30th to December 2nd, 2022. Organized by the Chair of Traffic Process Automation (VPA) at the “Friedrich List” Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences of the TU Dresden, the proceedings of this conference are published as volume 9 in the Chair’s publication series “Verkehrstelematik” and contain a large part of the presented conference extended abstracts. The focus of the MFTS conference 2022 was cooperative management of multimodal transport and reflected the vision of the professorship to be an internationally recognized group in ITS research and education with the goal of optimizing the operation of multimodal transport systems. In 14 MFTS sessions, current topics in demand and traffic management, traffic control in conventional, connected and automated transport, connected and autonomous vehicles, traffic flow modeling and simulation, new and shared mobility systems, digitization, and user behavior and safety were discussed. In addition, special sessions were organized, for example on “Human aspects in traffic modeling and simulation” and “Lesson learned from Covid19 pandemic”, whose descriptions and analyses are also included in these proceedings.:1 Connected and Automated Vehicles 1.1 Traffic-based Control of Truck Platoons on Freeways 1.2 A Lateral Positioning Strategy for Connected and Automated Vehicles in Lane-free Traffic 1.3 Simulation Methods for Mixed Legacy-Autonomous Mainline Train Operations 1.4 Can Dedicated Lanes for Automated Vehicles on Urban Roads Improve Traffic Efficiency? 1.5 GLOSA System with Uncertain Green and Red Signal Phases 2 New Mobility Systems 2.1 A New Model for Electric Vehicle Mobility and Energy Consumption in Urban Traffic Networks 2.2 Shared Autonomous Vehicles Implementation for a Disrupted Public Transport Network 3 Traffic Flow and Simulation 3.1 Multi-vehicle Stochastic Fundamental Diagram Consistent with Transportations Systems Theory 3.2 A RoundD-like Roundabout Scenario in CARLA Simulator 3.3 Multimodal Performance Evaluation of Urban Traffic Control: A Microscopic Simulation Study 3.4 A MILP Framework to Solve the Sustainable System Optimum with Link MFD Functions 3.5 On How Traffic Signals Impact the Fundamental Diagrams of Urban Roads 4 Traffic Control in Conventional Traffic 4.1 Data-driven Methods for Identifying Travel Conditions Based on Traffic and Weather Characteristics 4.2 AI-based Multi-class Traffic Model Oriented to Freeway Traffic Control 4.3 Exploiting Deep Learning and Traffic Models for Freeway Traffic Estimation 4.4 Automatic Design of Optimal Actuated Traffic Signal Control with Transit Signal Priority 4.5 A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Dynamic Traffic Light Control with Transit Signal Priority 4.6 Towards Efficient Incident Detection in Real-time Traffic Management 4.7 Dynamic Cycle Time in Traffic Signal of Cyclic Max-Pressure Control 5 Traffic Control with Autonomous Vehicles 5.1 Distributed Ordering and Optimization for Intersection Management with Connected and Automated Vehicles 5.2 Prioritization of an Automated Shuttle for V2X Public Transport at a Signalized Intersection – a Real-life Demonstration 6 User Behaviour and Safety 6.1 Local Traffic Safety Analyzer (LTSA) - Improved Road Safety and Optimized Signal Control for Future Urban Intersections 7 Demand and Traffic Management 7.1 A Stochastic Programming Method for OD Estimation Using LBSN Check-in Data 7.2 Delineation of Traffic Analysis Zone for Public Transportation OD Matrix Estimation Based on Socio-spatial Practices 8 Workshops 8.1 How to Integrate Human Aspects Into Engineering Science of Transport and Traffic? - a Workshop Report about Discussions on Social Contextualization of Mobility 8.2 Learning from Covid: How Can we Predict Mobility Behaviour in the Face of Disruptive Events? – How to Investigate the Mobility of the FutureDas 4. Symposium zum Management zukünftiger Autobahn- und Stadtverkehrssysteme (MFTS) fand vom 30. November bis 2. Dezember 2022 in Dresden statt und wurde vom Lehrstuhl für Verkehrsprozessautomatisierung (VPA) an der Fakultät Verkehrswissenschaften„Friedrich List“ der TU Dresden organisiert. Der Tagungsband erscheint als Band 9 in der Schriftenreihe „Verkehrstelematik“ des Lehrstuhls und enthält einen Großteil der vorgestellten Extended-Abstracts des Symposiums. Der Schwerpunkt des MFTS-Symposiums 2022 lag auf dem kooperativen Management multimodalen Verkehrs und spiegelte die Vision der Professur wider, eine international anerkannte Gruppe in der ITS-Forschung und -Ausbildung mit dem Ziel der Optimierung des Betriebs multimodaler Transportsysteme zu sein. In 14 MFTS-Sitzungen wurden aktuelle Themen aus den Bereichen Nachfrage- und Verkehrsmanagement, Verkehrssteuerung im konventionellen, vernetzten und automatisierten Verkehr, vernetzte und autonome Fahrzeuge, Verkehrsflussmodellierung und -simulation, neue und geteilte Mobilitätssysteme, Digitalisierung sowie Nutzerverhalten und Sicherheit diskutiert. Darüber hinaus wurden Sondersitzungen organisiert, beispielsweise zu „Menschlichen Aspekten bei der Verkehrsmodellierung und -simulation“ und „Lektionen aus der Covid-19-Pandemie“, deren Beschreibungen und Analysen ebenfalls in diesen Tagungsband einfließen.:1 Connected and Automated Vehicles 1.1 Traffic-based Control of Truck Platoons on Freeways 1.2 A Lateral Positioning Strategy for Connected and Automated Vehicles in Lane-free Traffic 1.3 Simulation Methods for Mixed Legacy-Autonomous Mainline Train Operations 1.4 Can Dedicated Lanes for Automated Vehicles on Urban Roads Improve Traffic Efficiency? 1.5 GLOSA System with Uncertain Green and Red Signal Phases 2 New Mobility Systems 2.1 A New Model for Electric Vehicle Mobility and Energy Consumption in Urban Traffic Networks 2.2 Shared Autonomous Vehicles Implementation for a Disrupted Public Transport Network 3 Traffic Flow and Simulation 3.1 Multi-vehicle Stochastic Fundamental Diagram Consistent with Transportations Systems Theory 3.2 A RoundD-like Roundabout Scenario in CARLA Simulator 3.3 Multimodal Performance Evaluation of Urban Traffic Control: A Microscopic Simulation Study 3.4 A MILP Framework to Solve the Sustainable System Optimum with Link MFD Functions 3.5 On How Traffic Signals Impact the Fundamental Diagrams of Urban Roads 4 Traffic Control in Conventional Traffic 4.1 Data-driven Methods for Identifying Travel Conditions Based on Traffic and Weather Characteristics 4.2 AI-based Multi-class Traffic Model Oriented to Freeway Traffic Control 4.3 Exploiting Deep Learning and Traffic Models for Freeway Traffic Estimation 4.4 Automatic Design of Optimal Actuated Traffic Signal Control with Transit Signal Priority 4.5 A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Dynamic Traffic Light Control with Transit Signal Priority 4.6 Towards Efficient Incident Detection in Real-time Traffic Management 4.7 Dynamic Cycle Time in Traffic Signal of Cyclic Max-Pressure Control 5 Traffic Control with Autonomous Vehicles 5.1 Distributed Ordering and Optimization for Intersection Management with Connected and Automated Vehicles 5.2 Prioritization of an Automated Shuttle for V2X Public Transport at a Signalized Intersection – a Real-life Demonstration 6 User Behaviour and Safety 6.1 Local Traffic Safety Analyzer (LTSA) - Improved Road Safety and Optimized Signal Control for Future Urban Intersections 7 Demand and Traffic Management 7.1 A Stochastic Programming Method for OD Estimation Using LBSN Check-in Data 7.2 Delineation of Traffic Analysis Zone for Public Transportation OD Matrix Estimation Based on Socio-spatial Practices 8 Workshops 8.1 How to Integrate Human Aspects Into Engineering Science of Transport and Traffic? - a Workshop Report about Discussions on Social Contextualization of Mobility 8.2 Learning from Covid: How Can we Predict Mobility Behaviour in the Face of Disruptive Events? – How to Investigate the Mobility of the Futur