Fir-dominated forests in Bavaria, Germany

The map of “Regional natural forest composition by main tree species” (WALENTOWSKI et al. 2001) depicts Bavaria as a region largely predominated by the European beech (Fagus sylvatica). Analyses of climatope, hygrotope and trophotope of fir-dominated regional natural units make evident that the reasons for the preponderance of the European silver fir (Abies alba) are edaphic. In terms of regeneration vigour, growth and yield the fir particularly dominates in habitats with a combination of humus cover, acid-oligotrophic topsoils and clayey or waterlogged subsoils, where the beech usually exhibits stunted and malformed growth forms. This ecological preference has the effect that Bavarian Abies alba-forests are restricted to small patches within a matrix of potential natural vegetation formed by mixed deciduous-coniferous mountain forests. Within European Natura 2000 areas Abies- forests should be recorded carefully as special habitats. Their transitional character between temperate beech forests (habitat type 9130) and boreal spruce forests (habitat type 9410), the ecological preference of Abies alba as an endangered tree species and their sensitivity against environmental stressors, including changes in forest structure, air quality, and climate, make them important objects for nature conservation

Integración vertical: caso BAVARIA S.A. – TEV S.A.

Desde la adquisición de Bavaria por la compañía SABMiller en 2005, la reducción de costos y gastos se convirtió en una de las estrategias fundamentales para el incremento de ganancias, por medio de la consolidación de todos los procesos de la cadena de valor -- En 2011, Bavaria adquirió la empresa Transportes Especializados del Valle, con la cual buscaba disponer de su propia flota de transporte y así poder administrar todos sus procesos desde la producción hasta la distribución de sus productos -- Por ello, en la presente investigación se desea evaluar el proceso de la integración vertical empleado entre Bavaria y su subsidiaria Transportes Especializados del Valle como alternativa para el mejoramiento del desempeño financiero, reducción de costos de operación y gestión estratégica -- Por medio de la reducción de costos se pretende calcular la diferencia entre los costos actuales de distribución de Bavaria operados por Transportes Especializados del Valle y los costos que se tendrían si se hubiera mantenido la operación cien por ciento tercerizada -- Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se revisaron y evaluaron los estados financieros de Bavaria y su subsidiaria, y por medio de indicadores financieros relacionados con los ingresos, se evaluaron los pros y los contras que tuvo la adquisición de la empresa Transportes Especializados del Valle -- Se concluye que la integración vertical entre Bavaria y Transportes Especializados del Valle sí trae beneficios económicos, financieros y estratégicos, dando como resultado incremento de las utilidades, reducción de los costos de distribución y optimización de los procesos operativos por medio de la consolidación de toda la cadena de valorCost reduction, through consolidation of all processes in value chain, became one of the fundamental strategies to increase profit since SABMiller acquired Bavaria S.A in 2005 -- Bavaria purchased the company Transportes Especializados Del Valle in 2011 in order to own its transport fleet and to be able to manage all processes from production to distribution of goods -- Our investigation aims to evaluate the vertical integration approach used by Bavaria and the subsidiary Transportes Especializados del Valle as an alternative to improve financial performance, operation cost reduction and strategic management -- We aim to compare the difference between actual distribution costs for Bavaria S.A. done by Transportes Especializados del Valle and all costs incurred by hundred per cent third party operation -- We will review and evaluate financial statements from Bavaria and its subsidiary and we will weigh pros and cons of Bavaria's takeover of Transportes Especializados del Valle through analysis of financial indicators related to income -- It concludes that Vertical Integration between Bavaria and Transportes Especializados del Valle produced economic, financial and strategic benefits -- The consolidation of value chain resulted in profit increase, distribution cost reduction and optimization of operating processe

River Run Off Measurement With SAR Along Track Interferometry

The paper summarizes the need for global space borne river run-off measurements. It reports about an airborne SAR experiment aimed to measure the surface velocity of the river Isar in Bavaria / Germany. The results from two different SAR techniques, including Along Track Interferometry (ATI) show good correspondence. Finally suggestions for further studies are given

A Comparative Analysis of Profitability vis-à-vis Liquidity Performance in Cement Industry of India

Not availabl

Commented checklist of the spiders of Bavaria (Germany)

The checklist contains Informations on records after 1970 in the seven Bavarian counties ("Bezirke") and in whole Bavaria before 1970. A total of 747 spider species Is known from Bavaria. 14 species (Dysdera ninnii, Gonatium ensipotens, Hilaira montigena, Janetschekia monodon, Lessertinella kulczynskii, Peponocranium praeceps, Scotinotylus antennatus, Trichoncus simoni, Bathyphantes setiger, Lepthyphantes jacksonoides, Lepthyphantes variablis, Maro lehtineni, Tricca alpigena, Gnaphosa rhenana) are mentioned here for the first time in Germany, 11 are new for southern Germany and 43 new for Bavaria

Die Wertschöpfungskette von Bio-Rübenzucker aus bayerischen Zuckerrüben und Nutzung des bayerischen Bio-Siegels

To foster the production of organic and local food the federal state of Bavaria introduced in 2015 the Bavarian organic label. Even though Bavaria has a comparatively high self-sufficiency in conventional sugar beet sugar there is a lack of organic sugar factories. In this study qualitative interviews have been conducted to analyze the value chain of organic sugar beets from Bavaria and the use of the organic and local label

Concurrent Acquisition of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Diverse Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.2 Sub-clades

Highly pathogenic Influenza A H5N1 was first identified in Guangdong Province in 1996, followed by human cases in Hong Kong in 1997 1,2. The number of confirmed human cases now exceeds 300 and the associated Case Fatality Rate exceeds 60% 3. The genetic diversity of the serotype continues to increase. Four distinct clades or sub-clades have been linked to human cases 4-7. The gradual genetic changes identified in the sub-clades have been attributed to copy errors by viral encoded polymerases that lack an editing function, thereby resulting in antigenic drift 8. We report here the concurrent acquisition of the same polymorphism by multiple, genetically distinct, clade 2.2 sub-clades in Egypt, Russia, Kuwait, and Ghana. These changes are not easily explained by the current theory of “random mutation” through copy error, and are more easily explained by recombination with a common source. The recombination role is further supported by the high fidelity replication in swine influenza 9 and aggregation of single nucleotide polymorphisms in H5N1 clade 2.2 hemagglutinin 10

Concurrent Acquisition of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Diverse Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.2 Sub-clades

Highly pathogenic Influenza A H5N1 was first identified in Guangdong Province in 1996, followed by human cases in Hong Kong in 1997. The number of confirmed human cases now exceeds 300, and the associated Case Fatality Rate exceeds 60%. The genetic diversity of the serotype continues to increase. Four distinct clades or sub-clades have been linked to human cases. The gradual genetic changes identified in the sub-clades have been attributed to copy errors by viral encoded polymerases that lack an editing function, thereby resulting in antigenic drift. We report here the concurrent acquisition of the same polymorphism by multiple, genetically distinct, clade 2.2 sub-clades in Egypt, Russia, and Ghana. These changes are not easily explained by the current theory of “random mutation” through copy error, and are more easily explained by recombination with a common source. This conclusion is supported by additional polymorphisms shared by clade 2.2 isolates in Egypt and Germany

Exploring L1 Transfer in German Learners of English: High Front Vowels, High Back Vowels and the BED/BAD Distinction

Since the vowel systems of German and English are similar to some extent, German learners of English can be expected to transfer a considerable part of their German vowels to their L2 English. This paper traces the extent and source of positive and negative L1 transfer in two groups of university students from different German L1 backgrounds. To this end, acoustical analyses of three areas of vowel space are provided: high front vowels, high back vowels and mid/low front vowels. While positive transfer widely persists with high front vowels, learners refrain from consistently transferring high back vowels, probably owing to variability both in L1 German and in L2 English. In the case of mid/low front vowels negative transfer is reduced due to exposure to native English, and even more so due to formal instruction, which appears to accelerate the acquisition proces