Avoidance of Priority Inversion in Real Time Systems Based on Resource Restoration

Priority inversion is a problem that occurs in concurrent processes when low-priority threads hold shared resources required by some high-priority threads, causing the high priority-threads to block indefinitely. This problem is enlarged when the concurrent processes are in a real time system where high- priority threads must be served on time. A novice approach for avoiding the priority inversion problem is presented for processes in real time systems. This approach is based on backing up and restoring the shared resources. A low priority thread always starts on a shadow version of the shared resource, the original resource remains unchanged. When a high-priority thread needs a resource engaged by a low-priority thread, the low priority thread is preempted, the original resource is restored and the high-priority thread is allowed to use the original resource. The approach has been implemented in Java and the experimental results are fetched which verify that the approach is very suitable for real time systems where high-priority threads must be served on time

Towards an\u2028 EU research and innovation policy agenda for nature-based solutions & re-naturing cities. Final report of the Horizon 2020 expert group on nature-based solutions and re-naturing cities.

1. Nature-based solutions harness the power and sophistication of nature to turn environmental, social and economic challenges into innovation opportunities. They can address a variety of societal challenges in sustainable ways, with the potential to contribute to green growth, 'future-proofing' society, fostering citizen well-being, providing business opportunities and positioning Europe as a leader in world markets. \u2028 2. Nature-based solutions are actions which are inspired by, supported by or copied from nature. They have tremendous potential to be energy and resource-efficient and resilient to change, but to be successful they must be adapted to local conditions. \u2028 3. Many nature-based solutions result in multiple co-benefits for health, the economy, society and the environment, and thus they can represent more efficient and cost-effective solutions than more traditional approaches. \u2028 4. An EU Research & Innovation (R&I) agenda on nature-based solutions will enable Europe to become a world leader both in R&I and in the growing market for nature-based solutions. For this, the evidence base for the effectiveness of nature-based solutions needs to be developed and then used to implement solutions. Both need to be done in conjunction with stakeholders. The potential for transferability and upscaling of solutions also requires further investigation. There is also a need to develop a systemic approach that combines technical, business, finance, governance, regulatory and social innovation. \u2028 5. Four principal goals have been identified that can be addressed by nature-based solutions: �� Enhancing sustainable urbanisation through nature-based solutions can stimulate economic growth as well as improving the environment, making cities more attractive, and enhancing human well-being. \u2028 �� Restoring degraded ecosystems using nature-based solutions can improve the resilience of ecosystems, enabling them to deliver vital ecosystem services and also to meet other societal challenges. \u2028 �� Developing climate change adaptation and mitigation using nature-based solutions can provide more resilient responses and enhance the storage of carbon. \u2028 �� Improving risk management and resilience using nature-based solutions can lead to greater benefits than conventional methods and offer synergies in reducing multiple risks. \u2028 6. Based on the four goals, seven nature-based solutions for R&I actions are recommended to be taken forward by the European Commission and Member States: �� Urban regeneration through nature-based solutions \u2028 �� Nature-based solutions for improving well-being in urban areas \u2028 �� Establishing nature-based solutions for coastal resilience \u2028 �� Multi-functional nature-based watershed management and ecosystem restoration \u2028 �� Nature-based solutions for increasing the sustainability of the use of matter and energy \u2028 �� Nature-based solutions for enhancing the insurance value of ecosystems \u2028 �� Increasing carbon sequestration through nature-based solutions \u2028This report was produced by the Horizon 2020 Expert Group on 'Nature-Based Solutions and Re- Naturing Cities', informed by the findings of an e-consultation and a stakeholder workshop. \u202

Assessing Scotland's Progress on the Environmental Agenda

For good reasons the environment has a high political profile in Scotland. This report is concerned with three important components of the environmental agenda and the way in which they are being taken forward by the responsible authorities in Scotland. The delivery of environmental outcomes on agricultural land by means of a range of current policies, including agri-environment schemes, cross-compliance conditions on direct payments to farmers and implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive.The selection and management of a new network of Marine Protected Areas.Policy measures designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to mitigate climate change.Each of these topics is addressed individually in three separate chapters, aiming to identify some of the leading questions and the policy responses that have been adopted. The progress that is being made in meeting the objectives and aspirations set out in legislation and other key policy documents is then considered. Some of the objectives under review are determined entirely by the Government and by more local authorities in Scotland. Others arise primarily from obligations under EU legislation

Anaylyzing Subpart F in Light of Check-the-Box

This article explains the history of the Subpart F compromise and of the CTB regime that beleaguers its application. The paper then evaluates whether Subpart F as an independent system is capable of affecting the policy goals behind its creation. Subsequently, this paper analyzes what is the most prudent and economically sound course of action for healing the U.S. international taxation system. Namely, at issue is whether additional regulation, in the form of a re-vamped Subpart F or a scaled-down CTB, would solve the ailments, or whether the complete revocation of existing policies, such as the U.S. semi-worldwide taxation system or the CTB regime, is necessary. Finally, the paper concludes that the evolution of Subpart F has come full circle. In light of current inversions of major U.S. multinationals into non-U.S. multinationals, specifically to avoid the complications of Subpart F, and of the reduction of the U.S. tax base that necessarily corresponds, Subpart F undeniably results in some erosion of the U.S. tax base. Its purpose for existing is thus nullified and it is time for the U.S. to return to a policy of territorial taxation

Planificación de sistemas de tiempo real: diseños y problemas

El objetivo de esta línea de investigación es el estudio y desarrollo de sistemas de software que poseen restricciones temporales, como son los Sistemas de Tiempo Real (STR) haciendo hincapié en los aspectos de simulación, planificadores y comunicaciones.Eje: Procesamiento de Señales y Sistemas de Tiempo RealRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Planificación de sistemas de tiempo real: diseños y problemas

El objetivo de esta línea de investigación es el estudio y desarrollo de sistemas de software que poseen restricciones temporales, como son los Sistemas de Tiempo Real (STR) haciendo hincapié en los aspectos de simulación, planificadores y comunicaciones.Eje: Procesamiento de Señales y Sistemas de Tiempo Rea

Planificación de sistemas de tiempo real: diseños y problemas

El objetivo de esta línea de investigación es el estudio y desarrollo de sistemas de software que poseen restricciones temporales, como son los Sistemas de Tiempo Real (STR) haciendo hincapié en los aspectos de simulación, planificadores y comunicaciones.Eje: Procesamiento de Señales y Sistemas de Tiempo Rea

Simulated Ruminant Digestion Reduces Germination of Some Native Great Basin Species and Cheatgrass & Virtual Fences Successfully Contain Cattle Over a Wide Range of Stocking Densities and at Stubble Heights Below Common Riparian Management Targets

This thesis reports the results of two projects related to the effective management of rangelands. Feeding seeds to cattle to be spread in feces has long been suggested, but the survival of seeds through the digestive tract varies widely and is species-dependent. I studied germination of seven species commonly used for restoration in the Great Basin, and cheatgrass, an invasive annual grass, after exposure to simulated ruminant digestion. Increasing rumen residence time decreased germination rates of all species tested. Previous research indicates that most seeds recovered in the feces of cattle are recovered 24-48 hours after ingestion. Of the species tested, only crested wheatgrass and squirreltail maintained appreciable levels of germination after 48 hours of digestion. These species may be suitable for spread by cattle. The viability of cheatgrass seed declined precipitously after 24 hours of digestion, indicating that cattle likely do not substantially contribute to the spread of cheatgrass through seed consumption.Virtual fences are an emerging animal management technology that use audio cues followed by a mild electrical pulse instead of physical barriers to contain animals. Virtual fences have long been conceptualized as a tool to help land managers achieve livestock production or land management goals, yet little research has focused on figuring out what factors influence virtual fence performance. We evaluated the effect of stocking density, the quantity of forage inside the paddock and the difference between the quantities of forage inside and outside the paddock on the effectiveness of a commercially available virtual fencing system. We tested the virtual fencing system at stocking densities from 5-20 animals/acre and measured stubble height as a proxy for the quantity of forage inside the paddock and the difference between the quantities of forage inside and outside the paddock. The predictability and controllability of the electrical pulse have been identified as key components of animal welfare associated with virtual fences, so we also evaluated the effect of stocking density, forage quantity, and the difference in forage quantities inside and outside the paddock on predictability and controllability. We found that neither stocking density, forage quantity, nor the difference in forage quantity inside and outside the paddock influenced the effectiveness of virtual fences or the predictability and controllability of the electrical pulse. This implies that virtual fences are likely to be reliable tools for livestock management in productive settings and for stocking densities up to 20 animals/acre and when stubble heights are at or below common management targets