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Artificial Intelligence, International Competition, and the Balance of Power (May 2018)
World leaders, CEOs, and academics have suggested that a revolution in artificial intelligence is upon us. Are they right, and what will advances in artificial intelligence mean for international competition and the balance of power? This article evaluates how developments in artificial intelligence (AI) â advanced, narrow applications in particular â are poised to influence military power and international politics. It describes how AI more closely resembles âenablingâ technologies such as the combustion engine or electricity than a specific weapon. AIâs still-emerging developments make it harder to assess than many technological changes, especially since many of the organizational decisions about the adoption and uses of new technology that generally shape the impact of that technology are in their infancy. The article then explores the possibility that key drivers of AI development in the private sector could cause the rapid diffusion of military applications of AI, limiting first-mover advantages for innovators. Alternatively, given uncertainty about the technological trajectory of AI, it is also possible that military uses of AI will be harder to develop based on private-sector AI technologies than many expect, generating more potential first-mover advantages for existing powers such as China and the United States, as well as larger consequences for relative power if a country fails to adapt. Finally, the article discusses the extent to which U.S. military rhetoric about the importance of AI matches the reality of U.S. investments.LBJ School of Public Affair
Management innovation made in China: Haierâs Rendanheyi
This article shows how emerging market companies like Chinaâs Haier Group create management innovations that are appropriate for an environment characterized by increased volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA). Dealing with VUCA effectively requires practices favoring nimble and decentralized responses; the Haier Group developed a platform of management practices under the label Rendanheyi (in Chinese: äşşĺĺä¸) to transform itself from a conventional hierarchical manufacturing firm into a highly responsive online-based entrepreneurial company with âzero distance to the customerâ. We demonstrate how the organizational, competitive, institutional, and technological contexts mattered for the development of Rendanheyi. Our study contributes several insights for practitioners and academics. First, we showcase how context dependent management innovations are created to allow emerging market firms like Haier to deal with a high VUCA world. Second, we draw lessons from Haierâs experimentation process for other firms. Finally, we create an extended process model of management innovation that managers, in both emerging and developed countries, can readily apply
Learning from Trump and Xi? Globalization and innovation as drivers of a new industrial policy. Bertelsmann GED Focus 2020
Technological innovations are essential drivers of longterm
and sustainable growth. Accordingly, there currently
is a debate in Germany and the EU as to whether a new,
strategic industrial policy can be an answer to the complex
dynamics of digitization. Products of this discussion are,
for example, the Industrial Strategy 2030 published by
the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy
in November 2019 and the Franco-German Manifesto for a
European Industrial Policy for the 21st Century. The focus here
is on the question of how the EU and its member states
can maintain their innovative and thus competitive ability
in the face of diverse challenges. However, there is no
standard recipe for building and expanding the innovative
capacity of an economy. Different countries rely on different
strategies that can be equally successful. An important
distinguishing feature is the role of the state. A clear
example of divergent innovation models are China and the
USA. Although both countries have completely different
approaches to an innovation-promoting industrial policy,
both models are characterized by major technological
successes. With an analysis of the Chinese and American
innovation system, this study highlights the main features
and success factors of both innovation models and discusses
whether and to what extent these factors are transferable to
the European and German case.
Five fields of action for an innovation-promoting industrial
policy in the EU and Germany emerge from this analysis
⢠Implementation of a long-term innovation strategy
⢠Expansion of venture capital
⢠Expansion of cluster approaches at EU level
⢠Thinking and strengthening of cybersecurity at EU level
⢠Creation of uniform and fair conditions for competition In addition to these fields of action, which are relevant both
for the EU and for individual member states, industrial
policy measures in the following three areas could be useful
for Germany. In particular:
⢠Improvement of framework conditions for research
and development
⢠Gearing the education and research system more
strongly towards entrepreneurship and innovation
⢠State as a pioneer and trailblazer in new technologies
In their implementation, however, strategic European and
German industrial policies face a trade-off between the
protection and promotion of legitimate self-interests on
the one hand and the defense against economically damaging
protectionism and ill-considered state interventionism
on the other. The so-called âmission orientationâ
can make a significant contribution here: Accordingly,
industrial policy should serve to address specific societal
challenges (e. g. globalization, digitization, demographic
change, climate change) and be coherently targeted
towards these objectives. Furthermore, industrial policy
is to be driven in parallel by different actors. Above all, it
is a joint task of business and politics to enable a competitive
business location where the state ensures good competition-
promoting framework conditions and the private
actors implement concrete actions
The Burden of Choice, the Complexity of the World and Its Reduction: The Game of Go/Weiqi as a Practice of "Empirical Metaphysics
The main aim of the text is to show how a game of Go (Weiqi, baduk, Igo) can serve as a
model representation of the ontological-metaphysical aspect of the actorânetwork theory
(ANT). An additional objective is to demonstrate in return that this ontological-metaphysâ ical
aspect of ANT represented on Go/Weiqi game model is able to highlight the key
aspect of this theoryâonto-methodological praxis
Post-Westgate SWAT : C4ISTAR Architectural Framework for Autonomous Network Integrated Multifaceted Warfighting Solutions Version 1.0 : A Peer-Reviewed Monograph
Police SWAT teams and Military Special Forces face mounting pressure and
challenges from adversaries that can only be resolved by way of ever more
sophisticated inputs into tactical operations. Lethal Autonomy provides
constrained military/security forces with a viable option, but only if
implementation has got proper empirically supported foundations. Autonomous
weapon systems can be designed and developed to conduct ground, air and naval
operations. This monograph offers some insights into the challenges of
developing legal, reliable and ethical forms of autonomous weapons, that
address the gap between Police or Law Enforcement and Military operations that
is growing exponentially small. National adversaries are today in many
instances hybrid threats, that manifest criminal and military traits, these
often require deployment of hybrid-capability autonomous weapons imbued with
the capability to taken on both Military and/or Security objectives. The
Westgate Terrorist Attack of 21st September 2013 in the Westlands suburb of
Nairobi, Kenya is a very clear manifestation of the hybrid combat scenario that
required military response and police investigations against a fighting cell of
the Somalia based globally networked Al Shabaab terrorist group.Comment: 52 pages, 6 Figures, over 40 references, reviewed by a reade
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