Recoverable DTN Routing based on a Relay of Cyclic Message-Ferries on a MSQ Network

An interrelation between a topological design of network and efficient algorithm on it is important for its applications to communication or transportation systems. In this paper, we propose a design principle for a reliable routing in a store-carry-forward manner based on autonomously moving message-ferries on a special structure of fractal-like network, which consists of a self-similar tiling of equilateral triangles. As a collective adaptive mechanism, the routing is realized by a relay of cyclic message-ferries corresponded to a concatenation of the triangle cycles and using some good properties of the network structure. It is recoverable for local accidents in the hierarchical network structure. Moreover, the design principle is theoretically supported with a calculation method for the optimal service rates of message-ferries derived from a tandem queue model for stochastic processes on a chain of edges in the network. These results obtained from a combination of complex network science and computer science will be useful for developing a resilient network system.Comment: 6 pages, 12 figures, The 3rd Workshop on the FoCAS(Fundamentals of Collective Adaptive Systems) at The 9th IEEE International Conference on SASO(Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing systems), Boston, USA, Sept.21, 201

Internet of Satellites (IoSat): analysis of network models and routing protocol requirements

The space segment has been evolved from monolithic to distributed satellite systems. One of these distributed systems is called the federated satellite system (FSS) which aims at establishing a win-win collaboration between satellites to improve their mission performance by using the unused on-board resources. The FSS concept requires sporadic and direct communications between satellites, using inter satellite links. However, this point-to-point communication is temporal and thus it can break existent federations. Therefore, the conception of a multi-hop scenario needs to be addressed. This is the goal of the Internet of satellites (IoSat) paradigm which, as opposed to a common backbone, proposes the creation of a network using a peer-to-peer architecture. In particular, the same satellites take part of the network by establishing intermediate collaborations to deploy a FSS. This paradigm supposes a major challenge in terms of network definition and routing protocol. Therefore, this paper not only details the IoSat paradigm, but it also analyses the different satellite network models. Furthermore, it evaluates the routing protocol candidates that could be used to implement the IoSat paradigm.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Electric Vehicle Charging Recommendation and Enabling ICT Technologies: Recent Advances and Future Directions

The introduction of Electric Vehicles (EV) will have a significant impact on the sustainable economic development of urban city. However, compared with traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, EVs currently have limited range, which necessitates regular recharging. Considering the limited charging infrastructure currently available in most countries, infrastructure investments and Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are critical. Thus, service quality provisioning is necessary for realizing EV market. Unlike numerous previous works which investigate "charging scheduling" (referred to when/whether to charge) for EVs already been parked at home/Charging Stations (CSs), a few works focus on “charging recommendation” (refer to where/which CS to charge) for on-the-move EVs. The latter use case cannot be overlooked as it is the most important feature of EVs, especially for driving experience during journeys. On-the-move EVs will travel towards appropriate CSs for charging based on smart decision on where to charge, so as to experience a shorter waiting time for charging. The effort towards sustainable engagement of EVs has not attracted enough attention from both industrial and academia communities. Even if there have been many charging service providers available, the utilization of charging infrastructures is still in need of significant enhancement. Such a situation certainly requires the popularity of EVs towards the sustainable, green and economic market. Enabling the sustainability requires a joint contribution from each domain, e.g., how to guarantee accurate information involved in decision making, how to optimally guide EV drivers towards charging place with the least waiting time, how to schedule charging services for EVs being parked within grid capacity. Achieving this goal is of importance towards a positioning of efficient, scalable and smart ICT framework, makes it feasible to learn the whole picture of grid: - Necessary information needs to be disseminated between stakeholders CSs and EVs, e.g., expected queuing time at individual CSs. In this context, how accurate CSs condition information plays an important role on the optimality of charging recommendation. - Also, it is very time-consuming for the centralized Global Controller (GC) to achieve optimization, by seamlessly collecting data from all EVs and CSs, The complexity and computation load of this centralized solution, increases exponentially with the number of EVs. This paper summaries the recent interdisciplinary research works on EV charging recommendation along with novel ICT frameworks, with an original taxonomy on how Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies support the EV charging use case. Future directions are also highlighted to promote the future research

Conceptual Design of a Communication-Based Deep Space Navigation Network

As the need grows for increased autonomy and position knowledge accuracy to support missions beyond Earth orbit, engineers must push and develop more advanced navigation sensors and systems that operate independent of Earth-based analysis and processing. Several spacecraft are approaching this problem using inter-spacecraft radiometric tracking and onboard autonomous optical navigation methods. This paper proposes an alternative implementation to aid in spacecraft position fixing. The proposed method Network-Based Navigation technique takes advantage of the communication data being sent between spacecraft and between spacecraft and ground control to embed navigation information. The navigation system uses these packets to provide navigation estimates to an onboard navigation filter to augment traditional ground-based radiometric tracking techniques. As opposed to using digital signal measurements to capture inherent information of the transmitted signal itself, this method relies on the embedded navigation packet headers to calculate a navigation estimate. This method is heavily dependent on clock accuracy and the initial results show the promising performance of a notional system

Proximity as a Service for the Use Case of Access Enhancement via Cellular​ Network-Assisted Mobile​Device-to-Device

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is a way to treat the User Equipments (UEs) not as terminals, but as a part of the network (helpers) for service provisioning. We propose a generic framework, namely Proximity as a Service (PaaS), formulate the helper selection problem, and design and prove a heuristic helper selection policy, ContAct based Proximity (CAP), which increases the service connectivity and continuity. Design Of Experiment (DOE) is a statistical methodology that rigorously designs and conducts an experiment, and maximizes the information obtained from that experiment. We apply DOE to explore the relationship (analytic expression) between four inputs (factors) and four metrics (responses). Since different factors have different regression levels, a unified four level full factorial experiment and cubic multiple regression analysis have been carried out. Multiple regression equations are provided to estimate the different contributions and the interactions between factors. Results show that transmission range and user density are dominant and monotonically increasing, but transmission range should be restricted because of interference and energy-efficiency. After obtaining the explicit close form expressions between factors and responses, optimal values of key factors are derived. A methodology (the e-constraint method) to solve the multiple-objective optimization problem has been provided and a Pareto-Optimal set of factors has been found through iteration. The fluctuation of the iterations is small and a specific solution can be chosen based on the particular scenarios (city center or countryside with different user density). The methodology of optimization informs the design rules of the operator, helping to find the optimal networking solution

Robotic Wireless Sensor Networks

In this chapter, we present a literature survey of an emerging, cutting-edge, and multi-disciplinary field of research at the intersection of Robotics and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) which we refer to as Robotic Wireless Sensor Networks (RWSN). We define a RWSN as an autonomous networked multi-robot system that aims to achieve certain sensing goals while meeting and maintaining certain communication performance requirements, through cooperative control, learning and adaptation. While both of the component areas, i.e., Robotics and WSN, are very well-known and well-explored, there exist a whole set of new opportunities and research directions at the intersection of these two fields which are relatively or even completely unexplored. One such example would be the use of a set of robotic routers to set up a temporary communication path between a sender and a receiver that uses the controlled mobility to the advantage of packet routing. We find that there exist only a limited number of articles to be directly categorized as RWSN related works whereas there exist a range of articles in the robotics and the WSN literature that are also relevant to this new field of research. To connect the dots, we first identify the core problems and research trends related to RWSN such as connectivity, localization, routing, and robust flow of information. Next, we classify the existing research on RWSN as well as the relevant state-of-the-arts from robotics and WSN community according to the problems and trends identified in the first step. Lastly, we analyze what is missing in the existing literature, and identify topics that require more research attention in the future