2,027 research outputs found
RESenv: A Realistic Earthquake Simulation Environment based on Unreal Engine
Earthquakes have a significant impact on societies and economies, driving the
need for effective search and rescue strategies. With the growing role of AI
and robotics in these operations, high-quality synthetic visual data becomes
crucial. Current simulation methods, mostly focusing on single building
damages, often fail to provide realistic visuals for complex urban settings. To
bridge this gap, we introduce an innovative earthquake simulation system using
the Chaos Physics System in Unreal Engine. Our approach aims to offer detailed
and realistic visual simulations essential for AI and robotic training in
rescue missions. By integrating real seismic waveform data, we enhance the
authenticity and relevance of our simulations, ensuring they closely mirror
real-world earthquake scenarios. Leveraging the advanced capabilities of Unreal
Engine, our system delivers not only high-quality visualisations but also
real-time dynamic interactions, making the simulated environments more
immersive and responsive. By providing advanced renderings, accurate physical
interactions, and comprehensive geological movements, our solution outperforms
traditional methods in efficiency and user experience. Our simulation
environment stands out in its detail and realism, making it a valuable tool for
AI tasks such as path planning and image recognition related to earthquake
responses. We validate our approach through three AI-based tasks: similarity
detection, path planning, and image segmentation
A fast webcam photogrammetric system to support optical imaging of brain activity
Optical topography (OT) is an emerging neuroimaging technique utilising the tight
coupling between neural activity and regional cerebral blood flow to monitor relative
regional changes of haemoglobin concentration. OT systems are compact, low cost,
easily portable, and relatively tolerant of body movements enabling clinical diagnosis,
psychological experiments and even monitoring brain activities during daily living. There
is a requirement for such systems to present their output functional data in a brain
model based coordinate space in order to map to the signal source with brain anatomy.
However OT data are obtained from a network of OT sensing devices (optodes) placed
in contact with the head surface and cannot capture structural information of the
underlying brain which might otherwise be used for registration. An appropriate
registration method, widely used in Electroencephalography (EEG), is the 10-20 system
which utilises bony landmarks as common points to co-register locations on the scalp
with a brain model to a repeatability of a few millimetres in clinical applications to an MRI
set of reference points. Inheriting the low cost and portability of OT, this thesis develops
and validates a novel registration approach utilising off-the-shelf webcam technology in
combination with photogrammetric bundle adjustment techniques in order to reliably
coordinate targets on optodes and bony landmarks within the 10:20 reference frame to
an accuracy of better than 1mm.
Initial research includes an assessment of the 3D coordination accuracy, precision and
stability of a series of low cost webcams in order to prove their suitability for clinical
applications. Results demonstrate the capability of a system based on these cameras to
reliably coordinate 3D target locations to the order of 0.5mm and better. Difficulties in
automated clinical target image extraction due to poor image quality are circumvented
through the development of new target image detection methods. Incremental
improvements in image quality from successive webcam generations, up to and
including the latest HD systems, are shown to increase coordination accuracy by one
order of magnitude. The result is a novel webcam photogrammetric system that is able
to rapidly and consistently coordinate targets on optodes and bony landmarks to better
than 1mm in OT studies and is able to take advantage of the rapid advances being made in consumer webcam technology. The system is proven in pre-clinical studies to
evaluate its coordination accuracy and in simulated clinical OT studies with a
head-sized phantom conducted in collaboration with Department of Medical Physics
and Bioengineering. Clinical OT studies with human subjects, demonstrate the
capability of the system to continuously coordinate targets on optodes and scalp and
detect differential movement between optodes and scalp which would invalidate a static
registration procedure
Optimisation of camera positions for optical coordinate measurement based on visible point analysis
In optical coordinate measurement using cameras, the number of images, and positions and orientations of the cameras, are critical to object accessibility and the accuracy of a measurement. In this paper, we propose a technique to optimise the number of cameras and the positions of these cameras for the measurement of a given object using visible point analysis of the object's computer aided design data. The visible point analysis technique is based on a hidden point removal approach; this technique is used to detect which surface points on the object are visible from a given camera position. A genetic algorithm is used to find the set of positions that provide optimum surface point density and overlap between views, while minimising the total number of camera images required. The genetic algorithm is used to minimise the measurement data processing time while maintaining optimum surface point density. We test this optimisation procedure on four artefacts and the measurements are shown to be comparable to that from a traceable contact co-ordinate measurement machine. We show that using our procedure improves the measurement quality compared to the more conventional approach of using equally spaced images. This work is part of a larger effort to fully automate and optimise optical coordinate measurement techniques
Simulation-Oriented Methodology for Distortion Minimisation during Laser Beam Welding
Distortion is one of the drawbacks of any welding process, most of the time needed to be suppressed. One doubtful factor that could affect welding deformation is the shape of the liquid melt pool, which can be modified via variation of process parameters. The aim of this work was to numerically study the dynamics of the weld pool and its geometrical influence on welding distortion during laser beam welding. To achieve such a goal, a promising novel process simulation model, employed in investigating the keyhole and weld pool dynamics, has successfully been invented. The model incorporated all distinctive behaviours of the laser beam welding process. Moreover, identification of the correlation between the weld pool geometry and welding distortion as well as, eventually, weld pool shapes that favour distortion minimisation has also been simulatively demonstrated
Simulation-Oriented Methodology for Distortion Minimisation during Laser Beam Welding
Distortion is one of the drawbacks of any welding process, most of the time needed to be suppressed. One doubtful factor that could affect welding deformation is the shape of the liquid melt pool, which can be modified via variation of process parameters. The aim of this work was to numerically study the dynamics of the weld pool and its geometrical influence on welding distortion during laser beam welding. To achieve such a goal, a promising novel process simulation model, employed in investigating the keyhole and weld pool dynamics, has successfully been invented. The model incorporated all distinctive behaviours of the laser beam welding process. Moreover, identification of the correlation between the weld pool geometry and welding distortion as well as, eventually, weld pool shapes that favour distortion minimisation has also been simulatively demonstrated
Engineering precision surgery: Design and implementation of surgical guidance technologies
In the quest for precision surgery, this thesis introduces several novel detection and navigation modalities for the localization of cancer-related tissues in the operating room. The engineering efforts have focused on image-guided surgery modalities that use the complementary tracer signatures of nuclear and fluorescence radiation. The first part of the thesis covers the use of “GPS-like” navigation concepts to navigate fluorescence cameras during surgery, based on SPECT images of the patient. The second part of the thesis introduces several new imaging modalities such as a hybrid 3D freehand Fluorescence and freehand SPECT imaging and navigation device. Furthermore, to improve the detection of radioactive tracer-emissions during robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery, a tethered DROP-IN gamma probe is introduced. The clinical indications that are used to evaluate the new technologies were all focused on sentinel lymph node procedures in urology (i.e. prostate and penile cancer). Nevertheless, all presented techniques are of such a nature, that they can be applied to different surgical indications, including sentinel lymph node and tumor-receptor-targeted procedures, localization the primary tumor and metastatic spread. This will hopefully contribute towards more precise, less invasive and more effective surgical procedures in the field of oncology. Crystal Photonics GmbH
Eurorad S.A.
Intuitive Surgical Inc.
KARL STORZ Endoscopie Nederland B.V.
MILabs B.V.
PI Medical Diagnostic Equipment B.V.
SurgicEye GmbH
Verb Surgical Inc.LUMC / Geneeskund
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