Automated Identification of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Survey

Diabetes strikes when the pancreas stops to produce sufficient insulin, gradually disturbing the retina of the human eye, leading to diabetic retinopathy. The blood vessels in the retina become changed and have abnormality. Exudates are concealed, micro-aneurysms and haemorrhages occur in the retina of eye, which intern leads to blindness. The presence of these structures signifies the harshness of the disease. A systematized Diabetic Retinopathy screening system will enable the detection of lesions accurately, consequently facilitating the ophthalmologists. Micro-aneurysms are the initial clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy. Timely identification of diabetic retinopathy plays a major role in the success of managing the disease. The main task is to extract exudates, which are similar in color property and size of the optic disk; afterwards micro-aneurysms are alike in color and closeness with blood vessels. The primary objective of this review is to survey the methods, techniques potential benefits and limitations of automated detection of micro-aneurysm in order to better manage translation into clinical practice, based on extensive experience with systems used by opthalmologists treating diabetic retinopathy

Optic Disc Detection on Retina Image using Extreme Learning Machine

Optic disk detection on retina image has become one of many initial steps in evaluation of Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) severity.  As much as early the step is, the result of the step is extremely essential. This article discusses the optic disk detection on retina image based on the color histogram value. The detection is done by using color histogram value which is taken from window sliding process with the size of 50x50 pixels. First, the candidates of optic disc were detected using Extreme Learning Machine towards the histogram value. Then the optic disc was selected form the candidates of optic which has highest average intensity. 4 retina image datasets were employed in the evaluation, including Drions dataset, DRIVE dataset, DiaretDB1 dataset, and Messidor dataset. The result of evaluation then validated by medical expert. The model outcome reaches the accuracy as much as 85,39 % for DiaretDB1 dataset, 95% for DRIVE dataset, 98,18% for Drions and 99% for Messidor dataset

A review of feature-based retinal image analysis

Retinal imaging is a fundamental tool in ophthalmic diagnostics. The potential use of retinal imaging within screening programs, with consequent need to analyze large numbers of images with high throughput, is pushing the digital image analysis field to find new solutions for the extraction of specific information from the retinal image. The aim of this review is to explore the latest progress in image processing techniques able to recognize specific retinal image features. and potential features of disease. In particular, this review aims to describe publically available retinal image databases, highlight different performance evaluators commonly used within the field, outline current approaches in feature-based retinal image analysis, and to map related trends. This review found two key areas to be addressed for the future development of automatic retinal image analysis: fundus image quality and the affect image processing may impose on relevant clinical information within the images. Performance evaluators of the algorithms reviewed are very promising, however absolute values are difficult to interpret when validating system suitability for use within clinical practice

Análisis automático de retinografías en Retinopatía Diabética: evaluación de la calidad y localización de las estructuras anatómicas del ojo mediante técnicas de procesado digital de imágenes

El objetivo de este Trabajo de Fin de Máster (TFM) ha sido el diseño y desarrollo de métodos automáticos para la evaluación de la calidad en retinografías y la localización de la papila y la fóvea. Para ello se ha creado una base de datos de 381 retinografías de pacientes diabéticos. Las imágenes tenían distintos niveles de calidad y pertenecían a pacientes tanto con lesiones asociadas a la RD como sin ellas. Un oftalmólogo especialista estableció la calidad de cada imagen y marcó la localización del centro de la papila y la fóvea.Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones e Ingeniería TelemáticaMáster en Ingeniería de Telecomunicació