Реалізація інтеграційних пріоритетів України на оcнові моніторингу форм міжнародного науково-технологічного співробітництва

Вдосконалено моніторинг стану, тенденцій стратегічного розвитку космічної галузі України. Визначено ступінь впливу міжнародного науково-технологічного співробітництва на інтеграційні процеси в сфері космонавтики, особливості функціонування підприємств космічної галузі України, їх спеціалізацію на світовому ринку космічних технологій.Усовершенствован мониторинг состояния, тенденций стратегического развития космической отрасли Украины. Определена степень влияния международного научно-технологического сотрудничества на интеграционные процессы в сфере космонавтики, особенности функционирования предприятий космической отрасли Украины, их специализацию на мировом рынке космических технологий.Monitoring of a condition, tendencies of strategic development of space branch of Ukraine is improved. Extent of influence of the international scientific and technological cooperation on integration processes in the sphere of astronautics, feature of functioning of the enterprises of space branch of Ukraine, their specialization in the world market of space technologies is defined. The thesis is devoted to important and barely developed issues of evaluation of the space branch in Ukraine in the system of international space researches and realization of competitive production on the world market. Having analyzed the role and peculiarities of scientific and technological cooperation of high-technological enterprises of the space branch in Ukraine, the author has defined it as an integral interaction of the opportunities which are projected into innovative and export component directed to the attraction of foreign investments during the realization of international space projects

The evolution of cooperation through institutional incentives and optional participation

Rewards and penalties are common practical tools that can be used to promote cooperation in social institutions. The evolution of cooperation under reward and punishment incentives in joint enterprises has been formalized and investigated, mostly by using compulsory public good games. Recently, Sasaki et al. (2012, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:1165-1169) considered optional participation as well as institutional incentives and described how the interplay between these mechanisms affects the evolution of cooperation in public good games. Here, we present a full classification of these evolutionary dynamics. Specifically, whenever penalties are large enough to cause the bi-stability of both cooperation and defection in cases in which participation in the public good game is compulsory, these penalties will ultimately result in cooperation if participation in the public good game is optional. The global stability of coercion-based cooperation in this optional case contrasts strikingly with the bi-stability that is observed in the compulsory case. We also argue that optional participation is not so effective at improving cooperation under rewards.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure

How brains make decisions

This chapter, dedicated to the memory of Mino Freund, summarizes the Quantum Decision Theory (QDT) that we have developed in a series of publications since 2008. We formulate a general mathematical scheme of how decisions are taken, using the point of view of psychological and cognitive sciences, without touching physiological aspects. The basic principles of how intelligence acts are discussed. The human brain processes involved in decisions are argued to be principally different from straightforward computer operations. The difference lies in the conscious-subconscious duality of the decision making process and the role of emotions that compete with utility optimization. The most general approach for characterizing the process of decision making, taking into account the conscious-subconscious duality, uses the framework of functional analysis in Hilbert spaces, similarly to that used in the quantum theory of measurements. This does not imply that the brain is a quantum system, but just allows for the simplest and most general extension of classical decision theory. The resulting theory of quantum decision making, based on the rules of quantum measurements, solves all paradoxes of classical decision making, allowing for quantitative predictions that are in excellent agreement with experiments. Finally, we provide a novel application by comparing the predictions of QDT with experiments on the prisoner dilemma game. The developed theory can serve as a guide for creating artificial intelligence acting by quantum rules.Comment: Latex file, 20 pages, 3 figure

Implementation of a fixing strategy and parallelization in a recent global optimization method

Electromagnetism-like Mechanism (EM) heuristic is a population-based stochastic global optimization method inspired by the attraction-repulsion mechanism of the electromagnetism theory. EM was originally proposed for solving continuous global optimization problems with bound constraints and it has been shown that the algorithm performs quite well compared to some other global optimization methods. In this work, we propose two extensions to improve the performance of the original algorithm: First, we introduce a fixing strategy that provides a mechanism for not being trapped in local minima, and thus, improves the effectiveness of the search. Second, we use the proposed fixing strategy to parallelize the algorithm and utilize a cooperative parallel search on the solution space. We then evaluate the performance of our study under three criteria: the quality of the solutions, the number of function evaluations and the number of local minima obtained. Test problems are generated by an algorithm suggested in the literature that builds test problems with varying degrees of difficulty. Finally, we benchmark our results with that of the Knitro solver with the multistart option set

Analyzing Interference from Static Cellular Cooperation using the Nearest Neighbour Model

The problem of base station cooperation has recently been set within the framework of Stochastic Geometry. Existing works consider that a user dynamically chooses the set of stations that cooperate for his/her service. However, this assumption often does not hold. Cooperation groups could be predefined and static, with nodes connected by fixed infrastructure. To analyse such a potential network, in this work we propose a grouping method based on proximity. It is a variation of the so called Nearest Neighbour Model. We restrict ourselves to the simplest case where only singles and pairs of base stations are allowed to be formed. For this, two new point processes are defined from the dependent thinning of a Poisson Point Process, one for the singles and one for the pairs. Structural characteristics for the two are provided, including their density, Voronoi surface, nearest neighbour, empty space and J-function. We further make use of these results to analyse their interference fields and give explicit formulas to their expected value and their Laplace transform. The results constitute a novel toolbox towards the performance evaluation of networks with static cooperation.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 12 total subfigures, WIOPT-SPASWIN 201

The Evolutionary Robustness of Forgiveness and Cooperation

We study the evolutionary robustness of strategies in infinitely repeated prisoners' dilemma games in which players make mistakes with a small probability and are patient. The evolutionary process we consider is given by the replicator dynamics. We show that there are strategies with a uniformly large basin of attraction independently of the size of the population. Moreover, we show that those strategies forgive defections and, assuming that they are symmetric, they cooperate

Mutualism and evolutionary multiplayer games: revisiting the Red King

Coevolution of two species is typically thought to favour the evolution of faster evolutionary rates helping a species keep ahead in the Red Queen race, where `it takes all the running you can do to stay where you are'. In contrast, if species are in a mutualistic relationship, it was proposed that the Red King effect may act, where it can be beneficial to evolve slower than the mutualistic species. The Red King hypothesis proposes that the species which evolves slower can gain a larger share of the benefits. However, the interactions between the two species may involve multiple individuals. To analyse such a situation, we resort to evolutionary multiplayer games. Even in situations where evolving slower is beneficial in a two-player setting, faster evolution may be favoured in a multiplayer setting. The underlying features of multiplayer games can be crucial for the distribution of benefits. They also suggest a link between the evolution of the rate of evolution and group size