How to create a psychologist.chatbot

El desarrollo de agentes conversacionales o chatbots se ha visto incrementado en las últimas décadas, especialmente en el sector comercial. No obstante, si bien el primer bot conversacional de la historia presentaba una apariencia de psicoterapeuta, son pocos los agentes virtuales con este tipo de funciones construidos hasta la fecha. En el presente trabajo, exponemos las bases para diseñar un chatbot psicólogo, concretamente, un bot con funciones de evaluación psicológica. Para ello, revisamos las herramientas disponibles para diseñarlo y configurarlo, y los conceptos básicos para su construcción. Asimismo, proponemos una serie de objetivos de evaluación que habrían de guiar el diálogo del agente conversacional. Finalmente, exponemos una reflexión acerca de las ventajas e inconvenientes de los chatbots y sobre las líneas de actuación que serían necesarias para desarrollarlos con garantías científicasIn recent decades, the development of conversational agents or chatbots has increased, especially in the commercial sector. Although the first chatbot in computational history was presented as a psychotherapist, few virtual agents with this type of function have been built since then. In the present article we describe the fundamental aspects of designing a psychologist-chatbot and, more specifically, a bot with psychological assessment functions. We review the available tools and the basic concepts for its construction. We also propose a series of assessment objectives that would guide the conversational agent’s dialogue. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of chatbots and the scientific guarantees that they need to fulfil

The history of chatbots: the journey from psychological experiment to educational object

Chatbots represent a strong and distinctive theme in the current literature on technology in education. What is lacking, however, is an analysis of them in terms of historical development or deeper historical-discursive classification. This paper focuses on the history of chatbots and places it in the context of a critical reflection on studies focusing on chatbots as educational objects between 2006-2021. It offers an analysis of each study and places them in the context of the development of the field as a whole. The study identifies three vital discourses that can be identified in the development of chatbots from a historical perspective - Turing-oriented, Searle-oriented and educational interaction-oriented

Assumption of knowledge and the Chinese Room in Turing test interrogation

Whilst common sense knowledge has been well researched in terms of intelligence and (in particular) artificial intelligence, specific, factual knowledge also plays a critical part in practice. When it comes to testing for intelligence, testing for factual knowledge is, in every-day life, frequently used as a front line tool. This paper presents new results which were the outcome of a series of practical Turing tests held on 23rd June 2012 at Bletchley Park, England. The focus of this paper is on the employment of specific knowledge testing by interrogators. Of interest are prejudiced assumptions made by interrogators as to what they believe should be widely known and subsequently the conclusions drawn if an entity does or does not appear to know a particular fact known to the interrogator. The paper is not at all about the performance of machines or hidden humans but rather the strategies based on assumptions of Turing test interrogators. Full, unedited transcripts from the tests are shown for the reader as working examples. As a result, it might be possible to draw critical conclusions with regard to the nature of human concepts of intelligence, in terms of the role played by specific, factual knowledge in our understanding of intelligence, whether this is exhibited by a human or a machine. This is specifically intended as a position paper, firstly by claiming that practicalising Turing's test is a useful exercise throwing light on how we humans think, and secondly, by taking a potentially controversial stance, because some interrogators adopt a solipsist questioning style of hidden entities with a view that it is a thinking intelligent human if it thinks like them and knows what they know. The paper is aimed at opening discussion with regard to the different aspects considered