Parasocial Relationships with Fictional Characters in Therapy

Parasocial relationships are unrequited relationships with persons or characters that the admirer is unable to meet. These attachments are important to explore with a client in their therapeutic process, since there are many reasons why the client developed this relationship. This thesis is a literature review that examined academic and scholarly journals, as well as blogs, articles and websites created by people in fandoms of different medias. The topics that are explored in the literature review are: how parasocial relationships are developed, how parasocial relationships influence the creators’ art making, and how to integrate the client’s parasocial relationships into the therapeutic setting. Areas for further research is presented with parasocial relationships in mind, as many clients have this type of attachment to fictional characters. The glossary in Appendix A defines terms that may be used by clients with different parasocial relationships. Parasocial relationships are part of many different clients’ lives and can be an important topic to include in the therapeutic relationship

Media use degree and depression: A latent profile analysis from Chinese residents

BackgroundPrevious studies have emphasized the media as an essential channel for understanding information about depression. However, they have not divided groups according to the degree of media use to study their differences in depression. Therefore, this study aims to explore the influence of media use on depression and the influencing factors of depression in people with different media use degrees.MethodsBased on seven items related to media use, a total of 11, 031 respondents were categorized by the frequency of media use using latent profile analysis (LPA). Secondly, multiple linear regression analyzes were conducted to analyze the effects of depression in people with different degrees of media use. Finally, factors influencing depression among people with different degrees of media use were explored separately.ResultsAll respondents were classified into three groups: media use low-frequency (9.7%), media use general (67.1%), and media use high-frequency (23.2%). Compared with media use general group, media use low-frequency (β = 0.019, p = 0.044) and media use high-frequency (β = 0.238, p < 0.001) groups are significantly associated with depression. The factors influencing depression in the population differed between media use low-frequency, media use general, and media use high-frequency groups.ConclusionThe government and the appropriate departments should develop targeted strategies for improving the overall health status of people with different media use degrees

Media use degree and depression: A latent profile analysis from Chinese residents

Background: Previous studies have emphasized the media as an essential channel for understanding information about depression. However, they have not divided groups according to the degree of media use to study their differences in depression. Therefore, this study aims to explore the influence of media use on depression and the influencing factors of depression in people with different media use degrees. Methods: Based on seven items related to media use, a total of 11, 031 respondents were categorized by the frequency of media use using latent profile analysis (LPA). Secondly, multiple linear regression analyzes were conducted to analyze the effects of depression in people with different degrees of media use. Finally, factors influencing depression among people with different degrees of media use were explored separately. Results: All respondents were classified into three groups: media use low-frequency (9.7%), media use general (67.1%), and media use high-frequency (23.2%). Compared with media use general group, media use low-frequency (β = 0.019, p = 0.044) and media use high-frequency (β = 0.238, p < 0.001) groups are significantly associated with depression. The factors influencing depression in the population differed between media use low-frequency, media use general, and media use high-frequency groups. Conclusion: The government and the appropriate departments should develop targeted strategies for improving the overall health status of people with different media use degrees

Παράγοντες που συσχετίζονται με τη θυματοποίηση εφήβων από τη ρητορική του μίσους στο διαδίκτυο: ιεραρχική μοντελοποίηση στο Ευρωπαϊκό Πρόγραμμα SELMA

Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν η καλύτερη κατανόηση του φαινομένου της ρητορικής του μίσους των εφήβων στο Διαδίκτυο, μελετώντας τους παράγοντες που συσχετίζονται με αυτήν. Με αυτό το στόχο δημιουργήθηκε ένα Ιεραρχικό Μοντέλο ανάλυσης, με βάση τα δεδομένα της πανευρωπαϊκής ποσοτικής έρευνας SELMA. Το μοντέλο που δημιουργήθηκε ήταν τεσσάρων επιπέδων, ξεκινώντας από το χαμηλότερος προς το υψηλότερο, παράγοντες κοινωνικής και οικογενειακής δημογραφίας, παράγοντες χρήσης του Διαδικτύου, έκθεση στη ρητορική του μίσους ως μάρτυρας, έκθεση στη ρητορική του μίσους ως θύμα ή θύτης. Το δείγμα της έρευνας ήταν αποτέλεσμα διάδοσης των ερωτηματολογίων SELMA στο Διαδίκτυο, στις συμμετέχουσες χώρες, κυρίως στην Ελλάδα, το Βέλγιο, την Γερμανία, την Δανία, το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο και την Ουαλία. Το δείγμα της ανάλυσης αποτελούνταν από 634 εφήβους, 13 έως 18 χρονών, που είχαν απαντήσει στις ερωτήσεις που αφορούσαν την έκθεση στη ρητορική του μίσους ως μάρτυρες, θύματα ή θύτες. Από το δείγμα, το 18.3% ήταν θύματα της ρητορικής του μίσους στο Διαδίκτυο, το 9.2% θύτες και το 62.2% μάρτυρες. Τα πιο σημαντικά ευρήματα της έρευνας ήταν η στατιστικά σημαντική συσχέτιση της θυματοποίησης των εφήβων με την έκθεση ως μάρτυρας (OR= 4.58 (2.48-8.47) και με την έκθεση ως θύτης (OR= 7.76 (3.83- 15.71). Άλλες στατιστικά σημαντικές συσχετίσεις ήταν μεταξύ θυματοποίησης και μη δυαδικου φύλου/διεμφυλικότητα, αναφερόμενη αναπηρία/ευαλωτότητα/, ελλιπή οικογενειακή υποστήριξη, επικοινωνία και ικανοποίηση, συνεχή σχεδόν χρήση του Διαδικτύου και χρήση του Twitter. Τα ευρήματα της έρευνας φαίνεται να συμφωνούν σε μεγάλο βαθμό με την διεθνή βιβλιογραφία και να την ενισχύουν. Περιορισμούς της έρευνας αποτελούν, η μέθοδος δειγματοληψίας και ο συγχρονικός τύπος έρευνας που δεν επιτρέπει την γενίκευση σε αιτιώδεις σχέσεις μεταξύ παραμέτρων.This study attempts to asses adolescent online hate speech victimization through a hierarchical approach. To this direction, a conceptual framework with five hierarchical levels was constructed, namely: Sociodemographic and family characteristics, Internet use parameters, being a bystander of Online hate speech and being a victim or perpetrator of online hate speech. For this analysis, data were taken by SELMA quantitative survey, which was conducted through dissemination on online platforms and social media. Study sample was 634 adolescents, between 13 and 18 years of age, especially from Greece, Denmark, Germany, UK and Wales, who answered the questions concerning being an online bystander (62.2%), a victim (18.3%) or/ and a perpetrator (9.2%) of online hate speech. After adjustment, the most important findings were the significant associations between being a bystander and a victim (OR= 4.58 (2.48-8.47) and also between being a perpetrator and a victim (OR= 7.76 (3.83- 15.71). In addition, being a victim of online hate speech was significantly associated with reported non-binary sex/intersex, disability/ difficulty, dissatisfaction with family life, poor family support and communication, twitter use and with the fact of being online almost all the time. Findings were in agreement with other studies. Basic limitations of the study were the sample method and the method of cross- sectional study, which cannot imply causation

Развитие субъектной активности взрослых в виртуальном пространстве

У колективній монографії, підготовленій науковцями лабораторії сучасних інформаційних технологій навчання Інституту психології імені Г.С. Костюка НАПН України, викладено концепцію розвитку суб’єктної активності дорослих у віртуальному просторі. Особлива увага спрямована на теоретико-методологічний аналіз категорій суб’єкт, активність, суб’єктна активність у віртуальному просторі, зокрема, розглянуто активність користувачів соціальних мереж та учасників інтернет-тренінгів. Описано технології формування суб’єктної активності дорослих та результати експериментальних досліджень, здійснених за допомогою розроблених технологій. Показана специфіка розвитку суб’єктної активності людей похилого віку. Монографія адресована як науковцям, так і практикам – психологам, педагогам, фахівцям різних галузей, які зацікавлені в осмисленні та активному освоєнні сучасних інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій навчання.В коллективной монографии, подготовленной учеными лаборатории современных информационных технологий обучения Института психологии имени Г.С. Костюка АПН Украины, изложена концепция развития субъектной активности взрослых в виртуальном пространстве. Особое внимание направлено на теоретико-методологический анализ категорий субъект, активность, субъектная активность в виртуальном пространстве, в частности, рассмотрены активность пользователей социальных сетей и участников интернет-тренингов. Описаны технологии формирования субъектной активности взрослых и результаты экспериментальных исследований, проведенных с помощью разработанных технологий. Показана специфика развития субъектной активности людей преклонного возраста. Монография адресована как ученым, так и практикам - психологам, педагогам, специалистам различных отраслей, заинтересованных в осмыслении и активном освоении современных информационно-коммуникационных технологий обучения.In the collective monograph, prepared by the scientists of the Department of modern information technologies of the Institute of Psychology named after GS Kostiuk, NAES of Ukraine, the concept of the development of adults subjectness activity in the virtual space is outlined. Special attention is directed to theoretical and methodological analysis of categories subject, activity, subjectness activity in the virtual space and in particular, the activity of social networks users and participants of Internet trainings is considered. The technologies of subjectness activity formation of adult and results of experimental researches carried out and are described. The specificity of the subjectness activity of older people is shown. The monograph is aimed to scientists and practitioners: psychologists, educators, specialists from various fields who are interested in understanding and actively mastering modern information and communication technologies of learning