IQ Classification via Brainwave Features: Review on Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Intelligence study is one of keystone to distinguish individual differences in cognitive psychology. Conventional psychometric tests are limited in terms of assessment time, and existence of biasness issues. Apart from that, there is still lack in knowledge to classify IQ based on EEG signals and intelligent signal processing (ISP) technique. ISP purpose is to extract as much information as possible from signal and noise data using learning and/or other smart techniques. Therefore, as a first attempt in classifying IQ feature via scientific approach, it is important to identify a relevant technique with prominent paradigm that is suitable for this area of application. Thus, this article reviews several ISP approaches to provide consolidated source of information. This in particular focuses on prominent paradigm that suitable for pattern classification in biomedical area. The review leads to selection of ANN since it has been widely implemented for pattern classification in biomedical engineering

A Review of Artificial Intelligence in Breast Imaging

With the increasing dominance of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, the important prospects for their application have extended to various medical fields, including domains such as in vitro diagnosis, intelligent rehabilitation, medical imaging, and prognosis. Breast cancer is a common malignancy that critically affects women’s physical and mental health. Early breast cancer screening—through mammography, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—can substantially improve the prognosis for breast cancer patients. AI applications have shown excellent performance in various image recognition tasks, and their use in breast cancer screening has been explored in numerous studies. This paper introduces relevant AI techniques and their applications in the field of medical imaging of the breast (mammography and ultrasound), specifically in terms of identifying, segmenting, and classifying lesions; assessing breast cancer risk; and improving image quality. Focusing on medical imaging for breast cancer, this paper also reviews related challenges and prospects for AI

Selected Algorithms of Computational Intelligence in Gastric Cancer Decision Making

Due to the latest research the subject of Computational Intelligence has been divided into five main regions, namely, neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, immunological systems and fuzzy systems. Our attention has been attracted by the possibilities of medical applications provided by immunological computation algorithms. Immunological computation systems are based on immune reactions of the living organisms in order to defend the bodies from pathological substances. Especially, the mechanisms of the T-cell reactions to detect strangers have been converted into artificial numerical algorithms. Immunological systems have been developed in scientific books and reports appearing during the two last decades. The basic negative selection algorithm NS was invented by Stefanie Forrest to give rise to some technical applications. We can note such applications of NS as computer virus detection, reduction of noise effect, communication of autonomous agents or identification of time varying systems. Even a trial of connection between a computer and biological systems has been proved by means of immunological computation. Hybrids made between different fields can provide researchers with richer results; therefore associations between immunological systems and neural networks have been developed as well. In the current chapter we propose another hybrid between the NS algorithm and chosen solutions coming from fuzzy systems. This hybrid constitutes the own model of adapting the NS algorithm to the operation decisions “operate” contra “do not operate” in gastric cancer surgery. The choice between two possibilities to treat patients is identified with the partition of a decision region in self and non-self, which is similar to the action of the NS algorithm. The partition is accomplished on the basis of patient data strings/vectors that contain codes of states concerning some essential biological markers. To be able to identify the strings that characterize the “operate” decision we add the own method of computing the patients’ characteristics as real values. The evaluation of the patients’ characteristics is supported by inserting importance weights assigned to powerful biological indices taking place in the operation decision process. To compute the weights of importance the Saaty algorithm is adopted

Current Studies and Applications of Krill Herd and Gravitational Search Algorithms in Healthcare

Nature-Inspired Computing or NIC for short is a relatively young field that tries to discover fresh methods of computing by researching how natural phenomena function to find solutions to complicated issues in many contexts. As a consequence of this, ground-breaking research has been conducted in a variety of domains, including synthetic immune functions, neural networks, the intelligence of swarm, as well as computing of evolutionary. In the domains of biology, physics, engineering, economics, and management, NIC techniques are used. In real-world classification, optimization, forecasting, and clustering, as well as engineering and science issues, meta-heuristics algorithms are successful, efficient, and resilient. There are two active NIC patterns: the gravitational search algorithm and the Krill herd algorithm. The study on using the Krill Herd Algorithm (KH) and the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) in medicine and healthcare is given a worldwide and historical review in this publication. Comprehensive surveys have been conducted on some other nature-inspired algorithms, including KH and GSA. The various versions of the KH and GSA algorithms and their applications in healthcare are thoroughly reviewed in the present article. Nonetheless, no survey research on KH and GSA in the healthcare field has been undertaken. As a result, this work conducts a thorough review of KH and GSA to assist researchers in using them in diverse domains or hybridizing them with other popular algorithms. It also provides an in-depth examination of the KH and GSA in terms of application, modification, and hybridization. It is important to note that the goal of the study is to offer a viewpoint on GSA with KH, particularly for academics interested in investigating the capabilities and performance of the algorithm in the healthcare and medical domains.Comment: 35 page

Revolutionizing Healthcare: The Role of AI-Based Medical Expert Systems in Building a Better Future

Modern society has an increasing need for better architecture and medical care. However, this difficulty is not sufficiently addressed by present medical architecture. The Medicinal Expert technique can be used to help persons in need in order to address this issue. A tremendous amount of medical data, including patient medical histories, records, and new medications, can be managed and maintained using this technology. It can help with decision-making and fill in for specialists when they are not present. The Medicinal Expert approach is a complex computer software system that generates forecasts using empirical data and expert knowledge. Based on the available training data and knowledge base, these systems function intelligently. Additionally, there are numerous Medical Expert System tools that support clinicians, help with diagnosis, and are crucial for instructing medical students. In this study, we introduce an AI-based Medical Expert System, its features, and its potential to help patients and medical students. We also go through some key findings from recent and prior research on expert systems, as well as how these systems can make the world a better place

SCDT: FC-NNC-structured Complex Decision Technique for Gene Analysis Using Fuzzy Cluster based Nearest Neighbor Classifier

In many diseases classification an accurate gene analysis is needed, for which selection of most informative genes is very important and it require a technique of decision in complex context of ambiguity. The traditional methods include for selecting most significant gene includes some of the statistical analysis namely 2-Sample-T-test (2STT), Entropy, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). This paper evaluates gene selection and classification on the basis of accurate gene selection using structured complex decision technique (SCDT) and classifies it using fuzzy cluster based nearest neighborclassifier (FC-NNC). The effectiveness of the proposed SCDT and FC-NNC is evaluated for leave one out cross validation metric(LOOCV) along with sensitivity, specificity, precision and F1-score with four different classifiers namely 1) Radial Basis Function (RBF), 2) Multi-layer perception(MLP), 3) Feed Forward(FF) and 4) Support vector machine(SVM) for three different datasets of DLBCL, Leukemia and Prostate tumor. The proposed SCDT &FC-NNC exhibits superior result for being considered more accurate decision mechanism

Computer-aided diagnosis in clinical endoscopy using neuro-fuzzy systems

In this paper, an innovative detection system to support medical diagnosis and detection of abnormal lesions by processing endoscopic images is presented. The images used in this study have been obtained using the new M2A Swallowable Imaging Capsule - a patented, video colourimaging disposable capsule. Schemes have been developed to extract new texture features from the texture spectra in the hromatic and achromatic domains for a selected region of nterest from each colour component histogram of endoscopic images. The implementation of an advanced fuzzy inference neural network which combines fuzzy systems and artificial neural networks and the concept of fusion of multiple classifiers dedicated to specific feature parameters have been also adopted in this paper. The detection accuracy of the proposed system has reached to loo%, providing thus an indication that such intelligent schemes could be used as a supplementary diagnostic tool in endoscopy

Hybrid Intelligent System for Diagnosing Breast Pre-Cancerous and Cancerous Conditions Based on Image Analysis

Modern diagnostic technologies are automated microscopy systems (AMSs). In this research study, the authors analyzed the modern AMS methods and algorithms. Criteria-based comparative analysis of AMS has been made, and their advantages and disadvantages have been identified at the three main levels of image processing. This allowed determining the main direction of such systems development, that is, designing the hybrid intelligent AMS. The work of an expert physician implies visual image interpretation, selection of qualitative features of micro-objects, the formation of diagnostic rules based on expert knowledge, and making diagnoses. Knowledge introduction model contains a productive model, in which knowledge is presented in the form of rules expressed in productive pseudo code if-then. Logic inference machine is a module designed to logically derive the facts and rules from the base according to the laws of formal logic. A set of modern methods and algorithms for low-, mid-, and high-level image processing have been used in the AMS structure

Data Mining Technique for Breast Cancer Prediction using Fuzzy Theory

In order to find a reliable approach of breast cancer prediction, Data mining methods are used in the studies provided in this article. This study compares multiple patient clinical data in order to find a reliable model that can predict the occurrence of breast cancer. In this article, the support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), naive bayes classifier, and AdaBoost tree are used as four data mining methods. Furthermore, since it has such a significant impact on the efficacy and efficiency of the learning process, feature space is extensively examined in this work. Combining PCA with other data mining algorithms that use a PCA-like technique to compress the feature space is recommended. This hybrid is intended to assess the effect of feature space reduction. Wisconsin Breast Cancer Database (1991) and Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (1995) are two frequently used test data sets that are used to assess the effectiveness of these algorithms. To calculate each model's test error, the method of 10-fold cross-validation is used. The findings of this research show a thorough trade-off between these tactics and also provide a thorough assessment of the models. In practical applications, it is anticipated that feature identification results would help to avoid breast cancer for both doctors and patients