Filtration in Pharmaceutical Industries and Role of Textile

Filtration is considered the keystone for clarification and control of contamination in pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical manufacturing. From production to in-process to chemical and research laboratories to the purification of water for sterile and nonsterile products, all of which involve some form of filtration in order to achieve a good manufacturing practice (GMP). Textile materials possess a significant contribution to the pharmaceutical filtration system. Textile material in pharmaceutical filtration is used in the form of filter media or medium. Flexible in nature, large pore distribution and non-metallic properties of textile materials have led to widespread use as filter media for many years. In filtration processes, a proper selection of filter media/ membrane material is usually the most critical aspect for ensuring efficient separation. Generally, solid-liquid and solid-gas separation is done by the filter media. This paper emphasises solid-liquid filtration. Moreover, this paper reviews the water requirement, filtration processes and the role of textile in the filtration system of pharmaceutical industries. This paper also offers insight into the current market trend and COVID-19 impact on the pharmaceutical filtration industry. Furthermore, gathered information may be helpful to those studying and working in pharmaceutical engineering, filtration technology, and wastewater treatment and can get knowledge about filtration systems

Banana Nutrition

Banana Nutrition - Function and Processing Kinetics covers the nutritional aspects of the banana plant and fruit. The book contains substantial scientific information written in an easy-to-understand format. The chapters include information on pharmacological aspects of banana; banana bioactives: absorption, utilization, and health benefits; banana pseudo-stem fiber: preparation, characteristics, and applications; banana drying kinetics and technologies; and integrating text mining and network analysis for topic detection from published articles on banana sensory characteristics. All the chapters contain recent advances in science and technology regarding the banana that will appeal to farmers, plant breeders, food industry, investors, and consumers as well as students and researchers. Readers will harness valuable information about the banana in controlling food security and non-communicable nutrition-related human illnesses

Developing a Sweet Sorghum Ethanol Value Chain

Sweet sorghum is a fascinating crop by virtue of its rapid growth, high biomass production potential, and adaptability to a range of conditions, high water use efficiency and its multipurpose use. Although scientists have been working on sweet sorghum for many years, the focus was mainly on its fodder value and use. Recognition of its utility as biofuel feedstock is a recent development. Considering the energy requirements, particularly of a rapidly growing economy like India and its ethanol blending commitments, attention to sweet sorghum as an alternative feedstock for bioethanol production is a perfect choice. Keeping this in view, a sub-project on ‘Sweet sorghum ethanol value chain development’ was developed with the help of consortium partners that included the Directorate of Sorghum Research (DSR), Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Sri Venkateshwara Veterinary University (SVVU) and Rusni Distilleries, which was eventually approved for funding by the National Agricultural Innovation Project under the Indian Council for Agricultural Research (NAIP (ICAR)). Taking a cue from the on-going genetic and crop management research on sweet sorghum, the sub-project was built on developing a sustainable sweet sorghum ethanol value chain by exploring the various options to increase onfarm productivity, enhance the harvest window, plug loopholes in the supply chain, increase the juice extraction efficiency and its storage, mechanize sweet sorghum production and processing, and efficiently utilize the by-products. These major activities were shared among the partners based on their competencies, and were implemented in letter and spirit to build a successful sweet sorghum ethanol value chain. The economic competitiveness of sweet sorghum vis-à-vis other feedstocks; economics of sweet sorghum for ethanol production, and the biofuel policy of India are also discussed in detail. The progress made in this endeavor, the experiences gained and lessons learned are thoroughly documented and presented in this book. A few critical issues include favorable policy intervention in terms of stalk pricing (subsidizing raw material cost to the industry) and ethanol pricing (subsidizing current ethanol production cost at an optimum level until the initial teething problems are overcome) and institutional support to help the industry to scale up the processing of sweet sorghum for bioethanol production more rapidly. xi This is a joint work of all the partners in the consortium and we have cherished working together. We thank the NAIP (ICAR) for funding this work and providing us an opportunity to work together to provide a road map for promotion of sweet sorghum towards ethanol production. We are confident that this report gives a realistic depiction of state-of-the-art technologies, the progress made in developing sweet sorghum, the opportunities and issues involved and the way forward to make the sweet sorghum ethanol value chain successful and sustainable

Effects of GMP Trends on the Pharmaceutical Industry in Nigeria

The pharmaceutical industry is important to the economies of the world and for the preservation and promotion of the health of the human society. It is the industry that narrows the gap existing between health-span (disease-free lifetime) and lifespan, so that human beings can live longer and better lives. Therefore, good manufacturing practices are regulations/rules put in place to guide the conduct and operations of pharmaceutical firms to safeguard public health and safety from counterfeit, contaminated or falsified medications. There are trends that have emerged within the GMP space in the pharmaceutical industry which is what this research study has tried to investigate within the pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria. The gaps that exist in the subject area after literature search informed the objectives of the study which seeks to examine the perceptions of professionals regarding GMP trends in the pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria; evaluate the impact of technology in the implementation of GMP on the pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria; find out the impact of quality assurance as part of GMP trends on the pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria; and examine the effects of new drug safety issues as part of GMP trends on the pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria. To execute the study, exploratory design using qualitative research method in whichfive(5)participants were selected through the convenience sampling technique was deployed. Semi-structured interviews were initiated through Google Meet to collect qualitative data from the interviewees. Gioia qualitative data analysis technique was employed to analyse the collected qualitative data. The study reveals that (i) based on professionals’ perceptions, GMP trends in the pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria are characterised by trust, safety and quality; (ii) technology in the implementation of GMP trends in the pharmaceutical industry affects the entire product life cycle of pharmaceutical products; (iii) quality assurance as part of GMP trends in the pharmaceutical industry inNigeria improves public health; and lastly (iv) new drug safety issues as part of GMP trends influence continuous drug products’ monitoring for public safety.Findings show that GMP trends in the pharmaceutical industry have improved the industry but there is still room for growth and further development if the industry is to rival its counterparts in the rest the developed world especially in the area of greater technology adoption and tightening of the regulatory framework guiding the industry. The contribution of the current study will benefit academic researchers, regulators, pharmaceutical products’ manufacturers, consumers and government

Scientific, Health and Social Aspects of the Food Industry

This book presents the wisdom, knowledge and expertise of the food industry that ensures the supply of food to maintain the health, comfort, and wellbeing of humankind. The global food industry has the largest market: the world population of seven billion people. The book pioneers life-saving innovations and assists in the fight against world hunger and food shortages that threaten human essentials such as water and energy supply. Floods, droughts, fires, storms, climate change, global warming and greenhouse gas emissions can be devastating, altering the environment and, ultimately, the production of foods. Experts from industry and academia, as well as food producers, designers of food processing equipment, and corrosion practitioners have written special chapters for this rich compendium based on their encyclopedic knowledge and practical experience. This is a multi-authored book. The writers, who come from diverse areas of food science and technology, enrich this volume by presenting different approaches and orientations

Effects of Complementary use of Organic and Inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of Cucumber (Cucumu sativus. L.) on an ultisol

A field study was conducted in 2008 and 2009 early cropping seasons to assess the response of cucumber (Cucumus sativus L.) to complementary use of organic and inorganic fertilizers in Uyo agro-ecology. The fertilizer treatments were: NPK (15:15:15) at 100 and 200 kgha-1, poultry manure (PM) at 5 and 10 tha-1 , and complementary application of 100 kgha-1 of NPK + 5 tha-1 of PM, 100 kgha-1 of NPK + 10 tha-1 of PM, 200 kgha1 of NPK +5 tha-1 of PM ,200 kgha-1 of NPK +10 tha-1 of PM and control (no fertilizer). Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in all the growth and yield parameters considered in both cropping seasons. The combined application of 200 kgha-1 of NPK and 10 tha-1 of PM performed better than sole application of either organic or inorganic fertilizer, with fresh fruit yield of 14.63 and 14.92 tha-1 in 2008 and 2009, respectively and exceeded other treatments by 1 -76% and 1-73% in 2009 and 2010, respectively. This indicates strongly the synergistic benefits of using both organic and inorganic fertilizers even at lower rates

Utilization of sorghum and millets

This book is a compilation of 28 papers plus working group discussions concerning policy, practice, and potential relating to the uses of sorghum and millets throughout the world. The papers were presented at a workshop in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, in Feb 1988. Fifty-one participants from 14 countries representing several sectors and disciplines attended the workshop. The main purpose of this meeting was to explore opportunities for expanding crop utilization of sorghum and millets. As the crops have great diversity in usage, emphasis was placed on priorities among products, so that selection criteria could be established for breeding improved varieties and hybrids. Identification of regional crop use opportunities, both short-term and long-term, formed part of an overall effort to gain an integrated perspective. The book has two sections. The first contains the 28 papers, which are grouped into four categories: Primary Processing of Food, Secondary Processing of Food, Industrial Uses, and Feeds. The second section reports the results of the working group discussions. A description of the methodology used to record the discussion results is followed by the spreadsheets used to obtain them and the overall recommendations of the workshop. The book is a useful addition to existing literature and suggests directions for research and development efforts aimed at better utilization of sorghum and millets