Transformation-optics modeling of 3D-printed freeform waveguides

Multi-photon lithography allows to complement planar photonic integrated circuits (PIC) by in-situ 3D-printed freeform waveguide structures. However, design and optimization of such freeform waveguides using time-domain Maxwell's equations solvers often requires comparatively large computational volumes, within which the structure of interest only occupies a small fraction, thus leading to poor computational efficiency. In this paper, we present a solver-independent transformation-optics-(TO-) based technique that allows to greatly reduce the computational effort related to modeling of 3D freeform waveguides. The concept relies on transforming freeform waveguides with curved trajectories into equivalent waveguide structures with modified material properties but geometrically straight trajectories, that can be efficiently fit into rather small cuboid-shaped computational volumes. We demonstrate the viability of the technique and benchmark its performance using a series of different freeform waveguides, achieving a reduction of the simulation time by a factor of 3-6 with a significant potential for further improvement. We also fabricate and experimentally test the simulated waveguides by 3D-printing on a silicon photonic chip, and we find good agreement between the simulated and the measured transmission at $\lambda = 1550 \textrm{ nm}$.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figure

A Survey of Spatial Deformation from a User-Centered Perspective

The spatial deformation methods are a family of modeling and animation techniques for indirectly reshaping an object by warping the surrounding space, with results that are similar to molding a highly malleable substance. They have the virtue of being computationally efficient (and hence interactive) and applicable to a variety of object representations. In this paper we survey the state of the art in spatial deformation. Since manipulating ambient space directly is infeasible, deformations are controlled by tools of varying dimension - points, curves, surfaces and volumes - and it is on this basis that we classify them. Unlike previous surveys that concentrate on providing a single underlying mathematical formalism, we use the user-centered criteria of versatility, ease of use, efficiency and correctness to compare techniques

Procesado de geometría en CAGD mediante S-series

El diseño geométrico asistido por ordenador (CAGD) se basa en la representación de entidades geométricas en el estándar nurbs, por lo que se debe obtener una aproximación polinómica o racional de aquellas funciones trascendentes, entidades que no pueden ser expresadas en la base de Bernstein. En principio se podría pensar en una aproximación mediante series de Taylor truncadas. De esta forma se obtendría una buena aproximación alrededor de un punto, pero se precisarían grados muy elevados para errores pequeños y los programas de CAD tienen limitado el grado maximo admisible. Una forma de evitar estos grados elevados seria conectar varios desarrollos de Taylor, pero en este caso aparecerían huecos en la unión de dos expansiones, algo inaceptable en una representación para CAD. En esta tesis se introduce la herramienta matemática básica empleada en este trabajo, las s-series. Estas series resultan de la base s-monomial, basada en expansiones de hermite en un intervalo unitario de la variable. Asimismo, se describen las estrategias para calcular de manera eficiente la aproximación de una entidad mediante s-series. Seguidamente, se comparan las aproximaciones mediante s-series con las basadas en series de poisson. A continuación, se aproxima la clotoide como ejemplo de aplicación de las estrategias de aproximación mediante s-series expuestas. Finalmente, se aplican las s-series a las técnicas de deformación. El objetivo de este capítulo consiste en conseguir una aproximación polinómica Bernstein-Bezier de los objetos deformados