Anatomical details of the lower lateral cartilages in African-descendents: cadaveric study

INTRODUÇÃO: São poucos os estudos na literatura que descrevem a morfologia das cartilagens laterais inferiores, sendo ainda mais raros em populações afrodescendentes. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a anatomia das cartilagens laterais inferiores e suas variações em afrodescendentes. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 16 cadáveres frescos. Os narizes foram dissecados através de exorinoplastia, com identificação e liberação das conexões das cartilagens laterais inferiores. As cruras laterais e cruras médias/mediais foram analisadas quanto a forma, comprimento e largura, sendo identificadas quanto ao lado e sexo. A distância entre o dômus e o septo caudal foi avaliada. Foi utilizada uma régua milimetrada para as mensurações. As medidas encontradas foram registradas e analisadas com auxílio do software BioEstat 5.0. RESULTADOS: A forma convexa das cruras laterais foi predominante; enquanto a forma côncava ocorreu unilateralmente em dois casos e bilateralmente em um. Os "pés" da crura mediais estavam unidos em 81,25% da amostra e separados em 18,75% dos casos. A distância entre o ângulo do septo caudal e o dômus foi de 4 a 10 mm (média = 6,86 ± 1,75 mm). CONCLUSÃO: As cartilagens laterais inferiores dos afrodescendentes apresentaram dimensões semelhantes aos descritos na literatura.INTRODUCTION: There have been few studies measuring the morphology of the lower lateral cartilages in African-descendents. The aim of this study was to describe the anatomy of the lower lateral cartilages and their variations in African-descendents. METHODS: We studied 16 fresh adult cadavers. The noses were dissected through an open-approach rhinoplasty, with identification and release of lower lateral cartilages connections. The lateral crus and middle / medial crus were analyzed for shape, length and width, and were identified on the side and sex. The distance between the domus and the caudal septum was evaluated. A millimeter rule was used for measurements. The measures found were recorded and analyzed by BioEstat 5.0. RESULTS: The convex shape of the lateral crus was predominant, while unilaterally concave shape occurred in two cases and bilaterally in one case. The footplates of the medial crura were united in 81.25% of the sample and separated in 18.75% of cases. The distance between the angle of the caudal septum and the domus was 4 to 10 mm (mean = 6.86 ± 1.75 mm). CONCLUSION: The lower lateral cartilages of African-descendents had dimensions similar to those described in the literature

Re-description of Strandesia sanoamuangae Savatenalinton & Martens, 2010 and description of a new species of Strandesia (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Grande Terre, New Caledonia

The New Caledonian Archipelago is a hot spot for biodiversity and endemism. Whereas popular groups such as birds and plants are well-studied, invertebrate groups such as ostracods remain ill-known. Here, we re-describe Strandesia sanoamuangae Savatenalinton & Martens, 2010, originally described from Thailand (8000 km away from New Caledonia), and describe Strandesia mehesi sp. nov. Both species are known only from females. Material for the present study was collected from diverse aquatic non-marine habitats from Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia. Whereas S. sanoamuangae is seemingly easily identifiable, S. mehesi sp. nov. is part of the Strandesia vinceguerrae/vavrai species cluster in the genus, of which the 'older' species (described long ago) often have incomplete and superficial descriptions. Differentiation between the new species and the other members of this species cluster are based on small anatomical details of the valves. The current paper updates the known number of recent freshwater Ostracoda of New Caledonia from 14 to 16 species, although at least five of these species have an uncertain status

Accuracy assessment of Tri-plane B-mode ultrasound for non-invasive 3D kinematic analysis of knee joints

BACKGROUND Currently the clinical standard for measuring the motion of the bones in knee joints with sufficient precision involves implanting tantalum beads into the bones. These beads appear as high intensity features in radiographs and can be used for precise kinematic measurements. This procedure imposes a strong coupling between accuracy and invasiveness. In this paper, a tri-plane B-mode ultrasound (US) based non-invasive approach is proposed for use in kinematic analysis of knee joints in 3D space. METHODS The 3D analysis is performed using image processing procedures on the 2D US slices. The novelty of the proposed procedure and its applicability to the unconstrained 3D kinematic analysis of knee joints is outlined. An error analysis for establishing the method's feasibility is included for different artificial compositions of a knee joint phantom. Some in-vivo and in-vitro scans are presented to demonstrate that US scans reveal enough anatomical details, which further supports the experimental setup used using knee bone phantoms. RESULTS The error between the displacements measured by the registration of the US image slices and the true displacements of the respective slices measured using the precision mechanical stages on the experimental apparatus is evaluated for translation and rotation in two simulated environments. The mean and standard deviation of errors are shown in tabular form. This method provides an average measurement precision of less than 0.1 mm and 0.1 degrees, respectively. CONCLUSION In this paper, we have presented a novel non-invasive approach to measuring the motion of the bones in a knee using tri-plane B-mode ultrasound and image registration. In our study, the image registration method determines the position of bony landmarks relative to a B-mode ultrasound sensor array with sub-pixel accuracy. The advantages of our proposed system over previous techniques are that it is non-invasive, does not require the use of ionizing radiation and can be used conveniently if miniaturized.This work has been supported by School of Engineering & IT, UNSW Canberra, under Research Publication Fellowship

Ultrasound Image Fusion: A New Strategy to Reduce X-Ray Exposure During Image Guided Pain Therapies

Many pain procedures cannot reliably be performed with a blind technique. Thus, imaging guidance is frequently mandatory, above all when the region of interest is deep and/or difficult to reach. In recent years new imaging techniques have been developed to improve diagnosis and to display greater anatomical details. Both Radiology and Pain Therapy have developed new and more accurate techniques in interventional pain, linked to a better understanding of pathophysiology and mechanisms of pain. There are many important anesthetic blocks performed under ultrasound guidance, but our experience is manly based on pudendal nerve and sacro-iliac joint infiltration

How robotic surgery is changing our understanding of anatomy

The most recent revolution in our understanding and knowledge of the human body is the introduction of new technologies allowing direct magnified vision of internal organs, as in laparoscopy and robotics. The possibility of viewing an anatomical detail, until now not directly visible during open surgical operations and only partially during dissections of cadavers, has created a 'new surgical anatomy'. Consequent refinements of operative techniques, combined with better views of the surgical field, have given rise to continual and significant decreases in complication rates and improved functional and oncological outcomes. The possibility of exploring new ways of approaching organs to be treated now allows us to reinforce our anatomical knowledge and plan novel surgical approaches. The present review aims to clarify some of these issues. \ua9 2017 Arab Association of Urology