PICES Press, Vol. 21, No. 1, Winter 2013

•2012 PICES Science: A Note from the Science Board Chairman (pp. 1-6) ◾2012 PICES Awards (pp. 7-9) ◾GLOBEC/PICES/ICES ECOFOR Workshop (pp. 10-15) ◾ICES/PICES Symposium on “Forage Fish Interactions” (pp. 16-18) ◾The Yeosu Declaration, the Yeosu Declaration Forum and the Yeosu Project (pp. 19-23) ◾2013 PICES Calendar (p. 23) ◾Why Do We Need Human Dimensions for the FUTURE Program? (pp. 24-25) ◾New PICES MAFF-Sponsored Project on “Marine Ecosystem Health and Human Well-Being” (pp. 26-28) ◾The Bering Sea: Current Status and Recent Trends (pp. 29-31) ◾Continuing Cool in the Northeast Pacific Ocean (pp. 32, 35) ◾The State of the Western North Pacific in the First Half of 2012 (pp. 33-35) ◾New Leadership in PICES (pp. 36-39

Cementing or sabotaging the image of Taekwondo from South Korea’s prospective

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 사범대학 체육교육과,글로벌스포츠매니지먼트전공, 2021. 2. Yong ho lee.Countries like South Korea have successfully nurtured the development of taekwondo from many years. The World Taekwondo Federation promotes and sanctions local, regional, national, and international tournaments throughout the world, both for sparring and forms. The WTF encourages the popularity of Taekwondo by allowing schools to market themselves to their local communities. In the Olympic games, South Korea has accumulated gold medals in Taekwondo. In recent years, government has played an active part by encouraging athletes to strive to the highest level in order to win medals. In fact, the development of a sport system is a complex and dynamic process. Physicality, body language, freedom, connection with nature and other people, energy spreading etc., all these peculiarities are intrinsic in human nature, it is something that a kid is not taught in school, it simply belongs to him. These natural instincts evolve during a lifetime and most likely are best expressed when practicing sports. As per our study we consider sport as one of the most democratic ‘places’ in which every human being could be part of and truly believe in the importance of practicing it in any of its forms. Unfortunately, several times we tend to assign too little value to this discipline. Instead, we should encourage it and discover a way to embrace it in our routine. Nowadays, the improvements within the field of artificial intelligence would be able to guarantee an even greater effect if correctly implemented. Thanks to this, it would be possible to capture a massive amount of data coming from the field to exploit in several ways. Eventually, this would mean that a great game like taekwondo wouldn’t only be the result of a good coach and talented players, nonetheless also some advanced IT specialists would make the difference in generating impactful information for the players. Each sport should browse into available technologies to renovate and get on board new participants which could eventually foster the practice of the discipline In addition to the worldwide growth and recognition of Taekwondo making it an excellent example of what an Olympic Sport should be and also the groundbreaking improvements made between past years there are other practical and organizational reasons Taekwondo included in the game. This Research provides a record of the long, sometimes uneven but ultimately successful road the sport has traveled from being a demonstration Sport to Olympic Sport. Further, this research gives us a brief detail about the up-gradation the sport has gone through, growing its spectatorship to secure its position in the Olympics. Some key points of our research work are: Semi-structured and open-ended interviews were conducted with athletes, coaches, spectators via Skype, Telephones, and one on one interviews. The thematic analysis method was used, transcribing and analyzing the interviews. Similarities and differences were discussed comparing the results with the existing literature review. Proposal for further research and restrictions and this exploration were additionally displayed.Table of Content Acknowledgement. ii Abstractiv List of Tables.xi Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Background of the Study 1 1.2 History 4 1.2.1 Brief History of Taekwondo 4 1.2.2 History and Culture of Taekwondo as a Traditional Korean Martial Art 11 1.3 Taekwondo & Technology 16 1.4 Statement of problem 19 1.5 The purpose of research 20 1.6 Significance of Study 20 1.7 Research Questions 22 Chapter 2: Literature Review 23 2.1 Taekwondo Origin 24 2.1.1 Origin of Taekwondo from Karate 24 2.1.2 Early Korean martial arts manuals 26 2.1.3 Modern taekwondo literature over south Korea 31 2.1.4 Naming of taekwondo 34 2.1.5 Definitions of Taekwondo 41 2.2 Philosophy of Taekwondo. 43 2.3 Modes of Taekwondo 46 2.4 Martial Art to Global Combat Sport 47 2.4.1 Martial Arts 47 2.4.2 Global Sport 51 2.4.3 Taekwondo Population 52 2.5 Taekwondo in Olympics 54 2.6 Transition period 57 2.7 Introduction of technology 59 2.7.1 Different Technology Implemented 62 2.7.2 Modifications of Rules and Regulations 63 2.7.3 Current New rules 65 2.8.1 Perception of spectators and competitors: Use of scoring 69 technology in Taekwondo competitions 69 2.8.2 The Perception of Instant Replaying System in Sports 72 Chapter 3: Methodology 74 3.1 Research Design and its Modes 75 3.2 Data Collection 78 3.3 Selection of Interviewees 79 3.4 Data Analysis 80 3.4.1 Thematic Analysis 80 Chapter 4: findings 82 4.1 How has new technology affected the fair play of Taekwondo as an Olympic Sport 83 4.1.1 Transparency and fair-play 83 4.1.2 Merits and demerits of the Tech - Game 85 4.2 What are the experience of athletes, coaches, referees and spectators in the global competition 86 4.2.1 Experience of athletes 87 4.2.2 Experiences of coaches 93 4.2.3 Experience of referees 100 4.2.4 Experience of spectators 105 4.3 Recommendation to improve the spectatorship and viewer ship of Taekwondo in global competition 109 4.3.1 Suggestions from athletes to make the game more popular and entertaining 110 4.3.2 Suggestions from the coaches to improve the sport's popularity among spectators- 110 4.3.3 Suggestions for future improvement of overall judging systems in Taekwondo- 110 Chapter 5- Discussion 112 5.1 Taekwondo to Tech- wondo 112 5.2 Change in playing style - Lack of interest of players 114 5.3 Consistently vanishing of inheritance 117 5.4. Aftermath of the Tech-Game on South Korea's Economy 120 5.5 Effect on popularity (impact on popularity) to be a Olympic sport 121 5.6 Recommendations to increase spectatorship in taekwondo 125 5.6.1 Technical corrections 126 5.6.2 Campaign programs for prompting the game- 126 5.6.3 Broadcasting on different platforms 127 5.6.4 Recruitment of Professional Sports Managers 129 5.7. Limitations of the study 130 5.8 Recommendation for future researcher 131 References 133 Appendix 141 List of Tables Table 2. 1 Different well Known styles of Martial Arts. 49 Table 2. 2: World Taekwondo membership growth 53 Table 2. 3 Introduction of electronic protectors 61 Table 2. 4: The Technology used in Taekwondo for scoring 62 Table 2. 5 Scores and the technologies used for the scoring in Taekwondo 63 Table 2. 6:Current Upgraded Rules 65 Table 4. 1 :Merits and Demerits of the New Format 85 Table 4. 2The Main Differences Experienced by the Athletes. 88 Table 4. 3Differences in refereeing before and after technology 102Maste

Evaluation of Korea’s response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake

This thesis seeks to develop an alternative approach for the evaluation of humanitarian aid in order to make the gaps of the current approaches smaller. To do this, the thesis applies McConnell’s framework to the case of Korea’s response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake which has been already assessed by the DAC-OECD criteria, the dominant framework in the humanitarian sector. It thus explores three different dimensions of Korea’s response: process, programme and politics, and then determines the degree of success or failure of each dimension to investigate the validity and scope conditions of McConnell’s theory to the evaluation of humanitarian aid. This study affirms that McConnell’s theory helps us to alleviate the difficulties and complexities of the humanitarian evaluation. His theory provides a broader perspective on evaluating humanitarian aid by assessing three aspects of policy in which the political dimension was relatively well understood, and easily determining the degree of success or failure through the provision of detailed criteria and a five-level continuum from success to failure: success, durable success, conflicted success, precarious cusses and failure. It is thus possible to argue that McConnell’s theory alleviates the shortcomings of existing approaches for humanitarian evaluation by widening the scope of evaluation and specifying the degree of success or failure of humanitarian aid

Evaluation of Korea’s response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake

This thesis seeks to develop an alternative approach for the evaluation of humanitarian aid in order to make the gaps of the current approaches smaller. To do this, the thesis applies McConnell’s framework to the case of Korea’s response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake which has been already assessed by the DAC-OECD criteria, the dominant framework in the humanitarian sector. It thus explores three different dimensions of Korea’s response: process, programme and politics, and then determines the degree of success or failure of each dimension to investigate the validity and scope conditions of McConnell’s theory to the evaluation of humanitarian aid. This study affirms that McConnell’s theory helps us to alleviate the difficulties and complexities of the humanitarian evaluation. His theory provides a broader perspective on evaluating humanitarian aid by assessing three aspects of policy in which the political dimension was relatively well understood, and easily determining the degree of success or failure through the provision of detailed criteria and a five-level continuum from success to failure: success, durable success, conflicted success, precarious cusses and failure. It is thus possible to argue that McConnell’s theory alleviates the shortcomings of existing approaches for humanitarian evaluation by widening the scope of evaluation and specifying the degree of success or failure of humanitarian aid

Evaluation of untrustworthy journals: Transition from formal criteria to a complex view

Not all the journals included in credible indices meet the ethical rules of COPE, DOAJ, OASPA, and WAME, and there may also be trustworthy journals excluded from these indices, which means they cannot be used as whitelists for trustworthy journals. Equally, the many methods suggested to determine trustworthiness are not reliable because they include questionable criteria. The question arises whether valid criteria for identifying an untrustworthy journal can be determined and whether other assessment procedures are necessary. Since 2017, the Masaryk University Campus Library has been developing a suitable evaluation method for journals. A list of 19 criteria based on those originally suggested by Beall, COPE, DOAJ, OASPA, and WAME were reduced to 10 objectively verifiable criteria following two workshops with librarians. An evaluation of 259 biomedical journals using both the list of 19 and then 10 criteria revealed that 74 journals may have been incorrectly assessed as untrustworthy using the longer list. The most common reason for failure to comply was in the provision of sufficient editorial information and declaration of article processing charges. However, our investigation revealed that no criteria can reliably identify predatory journals. Therefore, a complex evaluation is needed combining objectively verifiable criteria with analysis of a journal's content and knowledge of the journal's background

PICES Press, Vol. 22, No. 2, Summer 2014

FUTURE and the FUTURE Open Science Meeting— The future of FUTURE (pp. 1-2); 2014 Inter-sessional Science Board Meeting: A note (pp. 3-5); More attractive science ecosystem design for FUTURE and beyond: A personal view (pp. 6-8); OSM Session on “Identifying multiple pressures and system responses in North Pacific marine ecosystems” (pp. 9-10); OSM Session on “Regional climate modeling in the North Pacific” (pp. 11-11); OSM Session on “Challenges in communicating science and engaging the public” (pp. 12-15); OSM Sessions on “Ecosystem status, trends, and forecasts” and “Ecosystem resilience and vulnerability” (pp. 16-17); OSM Session on “Strategies for ecosystem management in a changing climate” (pp. 18-19); OSM Workshop on “Top predators as indicators of climate change” (pp. 20-23); OSM Workshop on “Bridging the divide between models and decision-making” (pp. 24-26); OSM Workshop on “Climate change and ecosystem-based management of living marine resources” (pp. 27-28); OSM Workshop on an “Ecosystem projection model inter-comparison and assessment of climate change impacts on global fish and fisheries” (29-34); ICES Symposium on the “Ecological basis of risk analysis for marine ecosystems” (pp. 35-38); Human dimensions in the Russian Federation (pp. 39-42); Microbial Culture Collection at the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (pp. 43-45); The Bering Sea: Current status and recent trends (pp. 46-48); The state of the western North Pacific in the second half of 2013 (pp. 49-50); Unusual warming in the Gulf of Alaska (pp. 51-52); Obituary – Dr. Toshiro Saino (pp. 53-55); Program of topic sessions and workshops at PICES-2014 (pp. 56-56); 3rd International Symposium on “Effects of climate change on the world’s oceans” (pp. 57-57); PICES Interns (pp. 58-58

2014 Program

At its best, a university is a collection of individuals ‐‐ students and faculty ‐‐ focused on learning and discovering new knowledge. For this goal to be realized, a critical element is having faculty members deeply engaged in such discovery within their disciplines. Scholarship, in the form of journal articles, book chapters, monographs and similar endeavors, creative activity which can take an even wider range of forms, and funded research which explores the boundaries of disciplines all contribute to such engagement. Through such participation, faculty members stay at the growing edges of their fields, and in so doing, they enrich their intellectual lives as well as those of their students. Once again, I invite each participant at this event today to browse the contributions of your colleagues, ask questions, and celebrate the intellectual vitality of our university community. Each year as this event grows and widens its reach and audience, it continues to inspire and impress me. I am sure it will do the same for you. Provost Dr. Blair Lordhttps://thekeep.eiu.edu/scholars_programs/1003/thumbnail.jp