76 research outputs found
PROTECT: Proximity-based Trust-advisor using Encounters for Mobile Societies
Many interactions between network users rely on trust, which is becoming
particularly important given the security breaches in the Internet today. These
problems are further exacerbated by the dynamics in wireless mobile networks.
In this paper we address the issue of trust advisory and establishment in
mobile networks, with application to ad hoc networks, including DTNs. We
utilize encounters in mobile societies in novel ways, noticing that mobility
provides opportunities to build proximity, location and similarity based trust.
Four new trust advisor filters are introduced - including encounter frequency,
duration, behavior vectors and behavior matrices - and evaluated over an
extensive set of real-world traces collected from a major university. Two sets
of statistical analyses are performed; the first examines the underlying
encounter relationships in mobile societies, and the second evaluates DTN
routing in mobile peer-to-peer networks using trust and selfishness models. We
find that for the analyzed trace, trust filters are stable in terms of growth
with time (3 filters have close to 90% overlap of users over a period of 9
weeks) and the results produced by different filters are noticeably different.
In our analysis for trust and selfishness model, our trust filters largely undo
the effect of selfishness on the unreachability in a network. Thus improving
the connectivity in a network with selfish nodes.
We hope that our initial promising results open the door for further research
on proximity-based trust
STEPS - an approach for human mobility modeling
In this paper we introduce Spatio-TEmporal Parametric Stepping (STEPS) - a simple parametric mobility model which can cover a large spectrum of human mobility patterns. STEPS makes abstraction of spatio-temporal preferences in human mobility by using a power law to rule the nodes movement. Nodes in STEPS have preferential attachment to favorite locations where they spend most of their time. Via simulations, we show that STEPS is able, not only to express the peer to peer properties such as inter-ontact/contact time and to reflect accurately realistic routing performance, but also to express the structural properties of the underlying interaction graph such as small-world phenomenon. Moreover, STEPS is easy to implement, exible to configure and also theoretically tractable
Tensor-Based Link Prediction in Intermittently Connected Wireless Networks
Through several studies, it has been highlighted that mobility patterns in
mobile networks are driven by human behaviors. This effect has been
particularly observed in intermittently connected networks like DTN (Delay
Tolerant Networks). Given that common social intentions generate similar human
behavior, it is relevant to exploit this knowledge in the network protocols
design, e.g. to identify the closeness degree between two nodes. In this paper,
we propose a temporal link prediction technique for DTN which quantifies the
behavior similarity between each pair of nodes and makes use of it to predict
future links. Our prediction method keeps track of the spatio-temporal aspects
of nodes behaviors organized as a third-order tensor that aims to records the
evolution of the network topology. After collapsing the tensor information, we
compute the degree of similarity for each pair of nodes using the Katz measure.
This metric gives us an indication on the link occurrence between two nodes
relying on their closeness. We show the efficiency of this method by applying
it on three mobility traces: two real traces and one synthetic trace. Through
several simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique
regarding another approach based on a similarity metric used in DTN. The
validity of this method is proven when the computation of score is made in a
distributed way (i.e. with local information). We attest that the tensor-based
technique is effective for temporal link prediction applied to the
intermittently connected networks. Furthermore, we think that this technique
can go beyond the realm of DTN and we believe this can be further applied on
every case of figure in which there is a need to derive the underlying social
structure of a network of mobile users.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, 8 tables, submitted to the International Journal
of Computer and Telecommunications Networking (COMNET
Analyzing temporal scale behaviour of connectivity properties of node encounters
Nowadays the growing popularity of wireless networks, combined with a wide availability of personal wireless devices, make the role of human mobility modeling more prominent in wireless networks, particularly in infrastructure-less networks such as Delay Tolerant Networks and Opportunistic Networks. The knowledge about encounters’ patterns among mobile nodes will be helpful for understanding the role and potential of mobile devices as relaying nodes. Data about the usage of Wi-Fi networks can be exploited to analyze the patterns of encounters between pairs of mobile devices and then be extrapolated for other contexts. Since human mobility occurs in different spatial and temporal scales, the role of scale in mobility modeling is crucial. Although spatial properties of mobility have been studied in different scales, by our knowledge there is no fundamental perspective about human mobility properties at different temporal scales. In this paper we evaluate the connectivity properties of node encounters at different temporal durations. We observed that connectivity properties of node encounters follow almost the same trends in different time intervals, although slopes and exponential decaying rates may be different. Our observations illustrate that networks formed from encounters of nodes extracted from Wi-Fi traces do not exhibit a scale free behaviour.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologi
Cluster Aware Mobility Encounter Dataset Enlargement
The recent emerging fields in data processing and manipulation has
facilitated the need for synthetic data generation. This is also valid for
mobility encounter dataset generation. Synthetic data generation might be
useful to run research-based simulations and also create mobility encounter
models. Our approach in this paper is to generate a larger dataset by using a
given dataset which includes the clusters of people. Based on the cluster
information, we created a framework. Using this framework, we can generate a
similar dataset that is statistically similar to the input dataset. We have
compared the statistical results of our approach with the real dataset and an
encounter mobility model generation technique in the literature. The results
showed that the created datasets have similar statistical structure with the
given dataset.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. In 2019 International Wireless Communications and
Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), June 201
On the Relation Between Mobile Encounters and Web Traffic Patterns: A Data-driven Study
Mobility and network traffic have been traditionally studied separately.
Their interaction is vital for generations of future mobile services and
effective caching, but has not been studied in depth with real-world big data.
In this paper, we characterize mobility encounters and study the correlation
between encounters and web traffic profiles using large-scale datasets (30TB in
size) of WiFi and NetFlow traces. The analysis quantifies these correlations
for the first time, across spatio-temporal dimensions, for device types grouped
into on-the-go Flutes and sit-to-use Cellos. The results consistently show a
clear relation between mobility encounters and traffic across different
buildings over multiple days, with encountered pairs showing higher traffic
similarity than non-encountered pairs, and long encounters being associated
with the highest similarity. We also investigate the feasibility of learning
encounters through web traffic profiles, with implications for dissemination
protocols, and contact tracing. This provides a compelling case to integrate
both mobility and web traffic dimensions in future models, not only at an
individual level, but also at pairwise and collective levels. We have released
samples of code and data used in this study on GitHub, to support
reproducibility and encourage further research
(https://github.com/BabakAp/encounter-traffic).Comment: Technical report with details for conference paper at MSWiM 2018, v3
adds GitHub lin
Contributions to modeling, structural analysis, and routing performance in dynamic networks
Cette thèse apporte des contributions à la modélisation, compréhension ainsi qu’à la communication efficace d’information dans les réseaux dynamiques peuplant la périphérie de l’Internet. Par réseaux dynamiques, nous signifions les réseaux pouvant être modélisés par des graphes dynamiques dans lesquels noeuds et liens évoluent temporellement. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous proposons un nouveau modèle de mobilité - STEPS - qui permet de capturer un large spectre de comportement de mobilité humains. STEPS mets en oeuvre deux principes fondamentaux de la mobilité humaine : l’attachement préférentiel à une zone de prédilection et l’attraction vers une zone de prédilection. Nous proposons une modélisation markovienne de ce modèle de mobilité. Nous montrons que ce simple modèle paramétrique est capable de capturer les caractéristiques statistiques saillantes de la mobilité humaine comme la distribution des temps d’inter-contacts et de contacts. Dans la deuxième partie, en utilisant STEPS, nous analysons les propriétés comportementales et structurelles fondamentales des réseaux opportunistes. Nous redéfinissons dans le contexte des réseaux dynamiques la notion de structure petit monde et montrons comment une telle structure peut émerger. En particulier, nous montrons que les noeuds fortement dynamiques peuvent jouer le rôle de ponts entre les composants déconnectés, aident à réduire significativement la longueur du chemin caractéristique du réseau et contribuent à l’émergence du phénomène petit-monde dans les réseaux dynamiques. Nous proposons une façon de modéliser ce phénomène sous STEPS. À partir d’un réseau dynamique régulier dans lequel les noeuds limitent leur mobilité à leurs zones préférentielles respectives. Nous recablons ce réseau en injectant progressivement des noeuds nomades se déplaçant entre plusieurs zones. Nous montrons que le pourcentage de tels nœuds nomades est de 10%, le réseau possède une structure petit monde avec un fort taux de clusterisation et un faible longueur du chemin caractéristique. La troisième contribution de cette thèse porte sur l’étude de l’impact du désordre et de l’irrégularité des contacts sur la capacité de communication d’un réseau dynamique. Nous analysons le degré de désordre de réseaux opportunistes réels et montrons que si exploité correctement, celui-ci peut améliorer significativement les performances du routage. Nous introduisons ensuite un modèle permettant de capturer le niveau de désordre d’un réseau dynamique. Nous proposons deux algorithmes simples et efficaces qui exploitent la structure temporelle d’un réseau dynamique pour délivrer les messages avec un bon compromis entre l’usage des ressources et les performances. Les résultats de simulations et analytiques montrent que ce type d’algorithme est plus performant que les approches classiques. Nous mettons également en évidence aussi la structure de réseau pour laquelle ce type d’algorithme atteint ses performances optimum. Basé sur ce résultat théorique nous proposons un nouveau protocole de routage efficace pour les réseaux opportunistes centré sur le contenu. Dans ce protocole, les noeuds maintiennent, via leurs contacts opportunistes, une fonction d’utilité qui résume leur proximité spatio-temporelle par rapport aux autres noeuds. En conséquence, router dans un tel contexte se résume à suivre le gradient de plus grande pente conduisant vers le noeud destination. Cette propriété induit un algorithme de routage simple et efficace qui peut être utilisé aussi bien dans un contexte d’adressage IP que de réseau centré sur les contenus. Les résultats de simulation montrent que ce protocole superforme les protocoles de routage classiques déjà définis pour les réseaux opportunistes. La dernière contribution de cette thèse consiste à mettre en évidence une application potentielle des réseaux dynamiques dans le contexte du « mobile cloud computing ». En utilisant les techniques d’optimisation particulaires, nous montrons que la mobilité peut augmenter considérablement la capacité de calcul des réseaux dynamiques. De plus, nous montrons que la structure dynamique du réseau a un fort impact sur sa capacité de calcul. ABSTRACT : This thesis contributes to the modeling, understanding and efficient communication in dynamic networks populating the periphery of the Internet. By dynamic networks, we refer to networks that can be modeled by dynamic graphs in which nodes and links change temporally. In the first part of the thesis, we propose a new mobility model - STEPS - which captures a wide spectrum of human mobility behavior. STEPS implements two fundamental principles of human mobility: preferential attachment and attractor. We show that this simple parametric model is able to capture the salient statistical properties of human mobility such as the distribution of inter-contact/contact time. In the second part, using STEPS, we analyze the fundamental behavioral and structural properties of opportunistic networks. We redefine in the context of dynamic networks the concept of small world structure and show how such a structure can emerge. In particular, we show that highly dynamic nodes can play the role of bridges between disconnected components, helping to significantly reduce the length of network path and contribute to the emergence of small-world phenomenon in dynamic networks. We propose a way to model this phenomenon in STEPS. From a regular dynamic network in which nodes limit their mobility to their respective preferential areas. We rewire this network by gradually injecting highly nomadic nodes moving between different areas. We show that when the ratio of such nomadic nodes is around 10%, the network has small world structure with a high degree of clustering and a low characteristic path length. The third contribution of this thesis is the study of the impact of disorder and contact irregularity on the communication capacity of a dynamic network. We analyze the degree of disorder of real opportunistic networks and show that if used correctly, it can significantly improve routing performances. We then introduce a model to capture the degree of disorder in a dynamic network. We propose two simple and efficient algorithms that exploit the temporal structure of a dynamic network to deliver messages with a good tradeoff between resource usage and performance. The simulation and analytical results show that this type of algorithm is more efficient than conventional approaches. We also highlight also the network structure for which this type of algorithm achieves its optimum performance. Based on this theoretical result, we propose a new efficient routing protocol for content centric opportunistic networks. In this protocol, nodes maintain, through their opportunistic contacts, an utility function that summarizes their spatio-temporal proximity to other nodes. As a result, routing in this context consists in following the steepest slopes of the gradient field leading to the destination node. This property leads to a simple and effective algorithm routing that can be used both in the context of IP networks and content centric networks. The simulation results show that this protocol outperforms traditional routing protocols already defined for opportunistic networks. The last contribution of this thesis is to highlight the potential application of dynamic networks in the context of "mobile cloud computing." Using the particle optimization techniques, we show that mobility can significantly increase the processing capacity of dynamic networks. In addition, we show that the dynamic structure of the network has a strong impact on its processing capacity
- …