11,801 research outputs found
Edge Offloading in Smart Grid
The energy transition supports the shift towards more sustainable energy
alternatives, paving towards decentralized smart grids, where the energy is
generated closer to the point of use. The decentralized smart grids foresee
novel data-driven low latency applications for improving resilience and
responsiveness, such as peer-to-peer energy trading, microgrid control, fault
detection, or demand response. However, the traditional cloud-based smart grid
architectures are unable to meet the requirements of the new emerging
applications such as low latency and high-reliability thus alternative
architectures such as edge, fog, or hybrid need to be adopted. Moreover, edge
offloading can play a pivotal role for the next-generation smart grid AI
applications because it enables the efficient utilization of computing
resources and addresses the challenges of increasing data generated by IoT
devices, optimizing the response time, energy consumption, and network
performance. However, a comprehensive overview of the current state of research
is needed to support sound decisions regarding energy-related applications
offloading from cloud to fog or edge, focusing on smart grid open challenges
and potential impacts. In this paper, we delve into smart grid and
computational distribution architec-tures, including edge-fog-cloud models,
orchestration architecture, and serverless computing, and analyze the
decision-making variables and optimization algorithms to assess the efficiency
of edge offloading. Finally, the work contributes to a comprehensive
understanding of the edge offloading in smart grid, providing a SWOT analysis
to support decision making.Comment: to be submitted to journa
Multi-Layer Cyber-Physical Security and Resilience for Smart Grid
The smart grid is a large-scale complex system that integrates communication
technologies with the physical layer operation of the energy systems. Security
and resilience mechanisms by design are important to provide guarantee
operations for the system. This chapter provides a layered perspective of the
smart grid security and discusses game and decision theory as a tool to model
the interactions among system components and the interaction between attackers
and the system. We discuss game-theoretic applications and challenges in the
design of cross-layer robust and resilient controller, secure network routing
protocol at the data communication and networking layers, and the challenges of
the information security at the management layer of the grid. The chapter will
discuss the future directions of using game-theoretic tools in addressing
multi-layer security issues in the smart grid.Comment: 16 page
Software Defined Networks based Smart Grid Communication: A Comprehensive Survey
The current power grid is no longer a feasible solution due to
ever-increasing user demand of electricity, old infrastructure, and reliability
issues and thus require transformation to a better grid a.k.a., smart grid
(SG). The key features that distinguish SG from the conventional electrical
power grid are its capability to perform two-way communication, demand side
management, and real time pricing. Despite all these advantages that SG will
bring, there are certain issues which are specific to SG communication system.
For instance, network management of current SG systems is complex, time
consuming, and done manually. Moreover, SG communication (SGC) system is built
on different vendor specific devices and protocols. Therefore, the current SG
systems are not protocol independent, thus leading to interoperability issue.
Software defined network (SDN) has been proposed to monitor and manage the
communication networks globally. This article serves as a comprehensive survey
on SDN-based SGC. In this article, we first discuss taxonomy of advantages of
SDNbased SGC.We then discuss SDN-based SGC architectures, along with case
studies. Our article provides an in-depth discussion on routing schemes for
SDN-based SGC. We also provide detailed survey of security and privacy schemes
applied to SDN-based SGC. We furthermore present challenges, open issues, and
future research directions related to SDN-based SGC.Comment: Accepte
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A review of microgrid development in the United States – A decade of progress on policies, demonstrations, controls, and software tools
Microgrids have become increasingly popular in the United States. Supported by favorable federal and local policies, microgrid projects can provide greater energy stability and resilience within a project site or community. This paper reviews major federal, state, and utility-level policies driving microgrid development in the United States. Representative U.S. demonstration projects are selected and their technical characteristics and non-technical features are introduced. The paper discusses trends in the technology development of microgrid systems as well as microgrid control methods and interactions within the electricity market. Software tools for microgrid design, planning, and performance analysis are illustrated with each tool's core capability. Finally, the paper summarizes the successes and lessons learned during the recent expansion of the U.S. microgrid industry that may serve as a reference for other countries developing their own microgrid industries
Vulnerability Analysis of Modern Electric Grids: A Mathematical Optimization Approach
Electrical power must be transmitted through a vast and complicated network of interconnected grids to arrive at one’s fingertips. The US electric grid network and its components are rapidly advancing and adapting to the advent of smart technologies. Production of electricity is transitioning to sustainable processes derived from renewable energy sources like wind and solar power to decrease dependence on nonrenewable fossil fuels. These newly pervasive natures of smart technology and the variable power supply of renewable energy introduce previously unexamined vulnerabilities into the modern electric grid. Disruption of grid operations is not uncommon, and the effects can be economically and societally severe. Thus, a vulnerability analysis can provide decision makers with the ability to characterize points of improvement in the networks they supervise.
This thesis performs a vulnerability analysis of electric grid operations including storage. This vulnerability analysis is achieved through a set of numerical experiments on a multi-period optimal power flow model including storage and variable demand. This model resulted in an analysis indicating storage is helpful in increasing resilience in networks with excess generation, no matter how severe the disruption. Networks with constrained generation benefit little, if at all, from storage. This analysis allows us to conclude careful implementation is the best way to improve electric grid security in the face of widespread use of renewable energy and smart technology
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