354,967 research outputs found
User's Privacy in Recommendation Systems Applying Online Social Network Data, A Survey and Taxonomy
Recommender systems have become an integral part of many social networks and
extract knowledge from a user's personal and sensitive data both explicitly,
with the user's knowledge, and implicitly. This trend has created major privacy
concerns as users are mostly unaware of what data and how much data is being
used and how securely it is used. In this context, several works have been done
to address privacy concerns for usage in online social network data and by
recommender systems. This paper surveys the main privacy concerns, measurements
and privacy-preserving techniques used in large-scale online social networks
and recommender systems. It is based on historical works on security,
privacy-preserving, statistical modeling, and datasets to provide an overview
of the technical difficulties and problems associated with privacy preserving
in online social networks.Comment: 26 pages, IET book chapter on big data recommender system
Tackling Women's Vulnerabilities through Integrating a Gender Perspective into Disaster Risk Reduction in the Built Environment
The majority of human and direct economic losses from natural hazards occur as a result of
damage to the built environment due to the vital role that the built environment performs in serving human endeavours. One of the key reasons for people in developing countries to be more
vulnerable to natural disasters than their wealthier counterparts is the limited capacities in their construction industries. Among the people in developing countries, women are evidently even more vulnerable to natural disasters. Due to higher disaster vulnerability of women, recognising the different roles, capacities, vulnerabilities and needs of women, and considering them in disaster risk reduction in the built environment is significant to reduce womenâs disaster vulnerabilities. Gender mainstreaming as a way of bringing a gender perspective into disaster risk reduction can be applied
to recognise the varying needs and capacities of women, and integrate them into disaster risk
reduction in the built environment. The paper in this context aims to demonstrate how gender
mainstreaming helps to bring a womenâs perspective into disaster risk reduction in the built
environment. It identifies two main steps which involve in the process, identification of womenâs
DRR knowledge and needs, and integration of the identified DRR knowledge and needs into DRR
in the built environment. The paper provides an account of the process that the study established to incorporate a gender perspective into disaster risk reduction in the built environment based on a
case study conducted in Sri Lanka. It further discusses how the social, economic, political and
environmental context influences the process of gender mainstreaming in disaster risk reduction in
the built environmen
Internet of things
Manual of Digital Earth / Editors: Huadong Guo, Michael F. Goodchild, Alessandro Annoni .- Springer, 2020 .- ISBN: 978-981-32-9915-3Digital Earth was born with the aim of replicating the real world within the digital world. Many efforts have been made to observe and sense the Earth, both from space (remote sensing) and by using in situ sensors. Focusing on the latter, advances in Digital Earth have established vital bridges to exploit these sensors and their networks by taking location as a key element. The current era of connectivity envisions that everything is connected to everything. The concept of the Internet of Things(IoT)emergedasaholisticproposaltoenableanecosystemofvaried,heterogeneous networked objects and devices to speak to and interact with each other. To make the IoT ecosystem a reality, it is necessary to understand the electronic components, communication protocols, real-time analysis techniques, and the location of the objects and devices. The IoT ecosystem and the Digital Earth (DE) jointly form interrelated infrastructures for addressing todayâs pressing issues and complex challenges. In this chapter, we explore the synergies and frictions in establishing an efïŹcient and permanent collaboration between the two infrastructures, in order to adequately address multidisciplinary and increasingly complex real-world problems. Although there are still some pending issues, the identiïŹed synergies generate optimism for a true collaboration between the Internet of Things and the Digital Earth
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