Airplane Piston Engine Dynamics as an Aeronca E-113 Case Study

Kinematic equations were developed to describe the dynamic motions of the aircraft piston engine components in terms of time dependent position, velocity, and acceleration relationships. Using the Aeronca E-113 engine as a case study, the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) rating was used to model the cylinder gas pressure profile. The moments of inertia of the dynamic components including connecting rod, crankshaft, and propeller were measured using a pendulum swing method. Representative values were obtained for inertial and gas pressure forces acting on crankshaft journals, connecting rods, and cylinder walls. The resulting model can help in the design of crankshafts and other dynamically loaded parts to resist failure due to fatigue

Stratified charge rotary aircraft engine technology enablement program

The multifuel stratified charge rotary engine is discussed. A single rotor, 0.7L/40 cu in displacement, research rig engine was tested. The research rig engine was designed for operation at high speeds and pressures, combustion chamber peak pressure providing margin for speed and load excursions above the design requirement for a high is advanced aircraft engine. It is indicated that the single rotor research rig engine is capable of meeting the established design requirements of 120 kW, 8,000 RPM, 1,379 KPA BMEP. The research rig engine, when fully developed, will be a valuable tool for investigating, advanced and highly advanced technology components, and provide an understanding of the stratified charge rotary engine combustion process

An Analysis of Variable Compression Ratio Engine

The variable compression ratio engine presents several advantages to efficiency and power density. At low power output, the engine can be made to operate as a high compression ratio naturally aspirated engine. When high power output is demanded, the engine can be made to operate as a low compression ratio heavily boosted engine. The tremendous power density potential also presents the engine designer with a large opportunity for displacement downsizing while still meeting power requirements for the application.Master of Science in EngineeringMechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of Michigan-Dearbornhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140732/1/The Variable Compression Ratio Engine (revision 2).pdfDescription of The Variable Compression Ratio Engine (revision 2).pdf : Thesi

Automotive Stirling Engine Mod 1 Design Review, Volume 1

Risk assessment, safety analysis of the automotive stirling engine (ASE) mod I, design criteria and materials properties for the ASE mod I and reference engines, combustion are flower development, and the mod I engine starter motor are discussed. The stirling engine system, external heat system, hot engine system, cold engine system, and engine drive system are also discussed

A 150 and 300 kW lightweight diesel aircraft engine design study

The diesel engine was reinvestigated as an aircraft powerplant through design study conducted to arrive at engine configurations and applicable advanced technologies. Two engines are discussed, a 300 kW six-cylinder engine for twin engine general aviation aircraft and a 150 kW four-cylinder engine for single engine aircraft. Descriptions of each engine include concept drawings, a performance analysis, stress and weight data, and a cost study. This information was used to develop two airplane concepts, a six-place twin and a four-place single engine aircraft. The aircraft study consists of installation drawings, computer generated performance data, aircraft operating costs, and drawings of the resulting airplanes. The performance data show a vast improvement over current gasoline-powered aircraft

Twin Shaft-Geared Crankweb Crankshaft System with Optimization of Crankshaft Dimensions Using Integrated Artificial Neural Network-Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm

This paper suggests a novel design of a multi cylinder internal combustion engine crankshaft which will convert the unnecessary/extra torque provided by the engine into speed of the vehicle. Transmission gear design has been incorporated with crankshaft design to enable the vehicle attain same speed and torque at lower R.P.M resulting in improved fuel economy provided the operating power remains same. This paper also depicts the reduction in the fuel consumption of the engine due to the proposed design of the crankshaft system. In order to accommodate the wear and tear of the crankshaft due to the gearing action, design parameters like crankpin diameter, journal bearing diameter, crankpin fillet radii and journal bearing fillet radii have been optimized for output parameters like stress which has been calculated using finite element analysis with ANSYS Mechanical APDL and minimum volume using integrated Artificial Neural Network-Multi objective genetic algorithm. The data set for the optimization process has been generated using Latin Hypercube Sampling technique

Advanced stratified charge rotary aircraft engine design study

A technology base of new developments which offered potential benefits to a general aviation engine was compiled and ranked. Using design approaches selected from the ranked list, conceptual design studies were performed of an advanced and a highly advanced engine sized to provide 186/250 shaft Kw/HP under cruise conditions at 7620/25,000 m/ft altitude. These are turbocharged, direct-injected stratified charge engines intended for commercial introduction in the early 1990's. The engine descriptive data includes tables, curves, and drawings depicting configuration, performance, weights and sizes, heat rejection, ignition and fuel injection system descriptions, maintenance requirements, and scaling data for varying power. An engine-airframe integration study of the resulting engines in advanced airframes was performed on a comparative basis with current production type engines. The results show airplane performance, costs, noise & installation factors. The rotary-engined airplanes display substantial improvements over the baseline, including 30 to 35% lower fuel usage

Lightweight, affordable, low power solar groundwater piston pump for rural remote regions.

Solar photovoltaic powered groundwater pumping systems (SPWPS) are popular way of fetching water from boreholes in semi-arid areas in rural remote regions of most developing countries, where commercial water and electricity supply is out of reach. As the climate changes and the water table drops in such marginal regions, borehole depth is ever increasing into hundreds of metres below the ground surface. In a SPWPS, the required energy to fulfil water demand at a certain head is termed as the required hydraulic energy which is maintained by the pump unit of SPWPS. However, this acts ultimately as a load on the PV generator. The pump unit typically requires more power in order to maintain this hydraulic energy. For high head systems, groundwater piston pumps perform better than centrifugal pumps. A detailed literature review established that the current piston pumps have design limitations that act as load on the pump driver, which uses extra external and internal mechanical components. These include long piston drive rods, connecting rod, meshing gears, crossheads and crossways. This study put forth a new concept design of a groundwater piston pump optimised for power consumption using a scotch-yoke mechanism that excludes unnecessary components in the pump in order to conserve power usage. A mathematical model was built to support the claim of low power consumption by the new pump design. The widely-used computer aided design and finite element analysis (CAD/FEA) technique was used to ensure the structural viability of the concept design for high head application, which is based on material selection process. The study also compares the concept pump power consumption among existing photovoltaic (PV) operated pumps including piston rod and non-piston rod pumps. The developed mathematical model for power consumption finds significant power savings when compared with benchmarked low-power long-piston rod pumps. For example, with a 200 m head and 10.2 lpm flow demand, the proposed pump uses up to 22.4% and 7% less power than a pump that uses either a steel or glass fibre reinforced composite (GFRC - e.g. polyester) rod, respectively. Hydraulic efficiency calculations show an increase of up to 76.7% compared to 59.5% and 71.4% using steel and GFRC piston rods, respectively. Additionally, significant energy savings of 1505.7 Wh/day and 383.7 Wh/day are also found for daily pump operation compared to commercial steel and GFRC piston rods pumps, which consequently reduces the associated costs of PV panels. Design safety factors of the conceived pump for high head loads such as 200 m are evaluated using structural FEA. Material selection process based on performance indices is also carried out using the Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES Selector) program. The design of the proposed pump components was also optimised for mass, based on the fatigue life constraint of selected materials using a FE parametric approach coupled with material variation. The optimisation model developed in this study reduces the mass with optimum fatigue safety factors contrary to yield strength criteria, incorporating performance factors such as material cost and energy consumption. Stainless steel 'BioDur 108' was found overall to be the best contender, with optimised dimensions saving up to 29.39% of mass and material cost, along with 29.25% reduction in power consumption. In conclusion, the developed design for a groundwater piston pump in this study is optimised for low power consumption, along with structural suitability for SPWPS with high head requirements in rural remote areas. The pump design's structural adequacy is checked by FEA, material selection and design optimisation. The pump is also suitable for other locations depending on its structural ability to withstand loads with suitable materials