Lunar navigation study, volume 2 Final report, Jan. - Dec. 1966

Performance data utilization in mission phase, lunar exploration phase, and navigational phase of lunar roving vehicle mission

The contribution of facilitation techniques to proximal head control as an influencing factor of postural control in a Peripheral Vestibular injury: a case report

The Vestibular injury associated with the Peripheral Nervous System is a pathology that causes various alterations in individuals by the absence of afferent information. It mainly affects the orientation of the head and its relationship to the trunk of the body, influencing the individual’s stability by a deficit in balance and coordination. In this context a 69-year-old female subject who had undergone surgery to remove a Schwannoma from the right VIII cranial nerve or Vestibular Schwannoma, with changes in head position and postural control in seated and bipedal positions and also in gait pattern, was evaluated. After a 10-week intervention program (1-hour sessions 2 to 3 times a week) which facilitation techniques based on the Bobath Concept were used, there was a considerable improvement in the subject’s motor and functional status. The subject acquired the cervical rectification strategies necessary for better head alignment, better postural control, and a consequently greater autonomy in walking and daily activities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Wheat signature modeling and analysis for improved training statistics

The author has identified the following significant results. The spectral, spatial, and temporal characteristics of wheat and other signatures in LANDSAT multispectral scanner data were examined through empirical analysis and simulation. Irrigation patterns varied widely within Kansas; 88 percent of wheat acreage in Finney was irrigated and 24 percent in Morton, as opposed to less than 3 percent for western 2/3's of the State. The irrigation practice was definitely correlated with the observed spectral response; wheat variety differences produced observable spectral differences due to leaf coloration and different dates of maturation. Between-field differences were generally greater than within-field differences, and boundary pixels produced spectral features distinct from those within field centers. Multiclass boundary pixels contributed much of the observed bias in proportion estimates. The variability between signatures obtained by different draws of training data decreased as the sample size became larger; also, the resulting signatures became more robust and the particular decision threshold value became less important

Improvements in aircraft extraction programs

Flight data from an F-8 Corsair and a Cessna 172 was analyzed to demonstrate specific improvements in the LRC parameter extraction computer program. The Cramer-Rao bounds were shown to provide a satisfactory relative measure of goodness of parameter estimates. It was not used as an absolute measure due to an inherent uncertainty within a multiplicative factor, traced in turn to the uncertainty in the noise bandwidth in the statistical theory of parameter estimation. The measure was also derived on an entirely nonstatistical basis, yielding thereby also an interpretation of the significance of off-diagonal terms in the dispersion matrix. The distinction between coefficients as linear and non-linear was shown to be important in its implication to a recommended order of parameter iteration. Techniques of improving convergence generally, were developed, and tested out on flight data. In particular, an easily implemented modification incorporating a gradient search was shown to improve initial estimates and thus remove a common cause for lack of convergence

Parameter passing in algebraic specification languages

AbstractIn this paper we study the semantics of the parameter passing mechanism in algebraic specification languages. More precisely, this problem is studied for parameterized data types and parameterized specifications. The given results include the extension of the model functor (which is useful for correctness proofs) and the semantic properties of the result of inserting actual parameters into parameterized specifications. In particular, actual parameters can be parameterized and the result is nested parameterized specification. Correctness of an applied (matrix(int)) or a nested (bintree(string())) parameterized specification is shown given correctness of the parts. The formal theory in this paper is restricted to the basic algebraic case where only equations are allowed in the parameter declaration and parameter passing is given by specification morphisms. But we also give the main ideas of a corresponding theory with requirements where we allow different kinds of restrictions in the parameter declaration

Hydra groups

We give examples of CAT(0), biautomatic, free-by-cyclic, one-relator groups which have finite-rank free subgroups of huge (Ackermannian) distortion. This leads to elementary examples of groups whose Dehn functions are similarly extravagant. This behaviour originates in manifestations of Hercules-versus-the-hydra battles in string-rewriting.Comment: 26 pages, 3 figure

Children with cerebral palsy exhibit greater and more regular postural sway than typically developing children

Following recent advances in the analysis of centre-of-pressure (COP) recordings, we examined the structure of COP trajectories in ten children (nine in the analyses) with cerebral palsy (CP) and nine typically developing (TD) children while standing quietly with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) and with concurrent visual COP feedback (FB). In particular, we quantified COP trajectories in terms of both the amount and regularity of sway. We hypothesised that: (1) compared to TD children, CP children exhibit a greater amount of sway and more regular sway and (2) concurrent visual feedback (creating an external functional context for postural control, inducing a more external focus of attention) decreases both the amount of sway and sway regularity in TD and CP children alike, while closing the eyes has opposite effects. The data were largely in agreement with both hypotheses. Compared to TD children, the amount of sway tended to be larger in CP children, while sway was more regular. Furthermore, the presence of concurrent visual feedback resulted in less regular sway compared to the EO and EC conditions. This effect was less pronounced in the CP group where posturograms were most regular in the EO condition rather than in the EC condition, as in the control group. Nonetheless, we concluded that CP children might benefit from therapies involving postural tasks with an external functional context for postural control

A variance shilf model for outlier detection and estimation in linear and linear mixed models

Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.Outliers are data observations that fall outside the usual conditional ranges of the response data.They are common in experimental research data, for example, due to transcription errors or faulty experimental equipment. Often outliers are quickly identified and addressed, that is, corrected, removed from the data, or retained for subsequent analysis. However, in many cases they are completely anomalous and it is unclear how to treat them. Case deletion techniques are established methods in detecting outliers in linear fixed effects analysis. The extension of these methods to detecting outliers in linear mixed models has not been entirely successful, in the literature. This thesis focuses on a variance shift outlier model as an approach to detecting and assessing outliers in both linear fixed effects and linear mixed effects analysis. A variance shift outlier model assumes a variance shift parameter, wi, for the ith observation, where wi is unknown and estimated from the data. Estimated values of wi indicate observations with possibly inflated variances relative to the remainder of the observations in the data set and hence outliers. When outliers lurk within anomalous elements in the data set, a variance shift outlier model offers an opportunity to include anomalies in the analysis, but down-weighted using the variance shift estimate wi. This down-weighting might be considered preferable to omitting data points (as in case-deletion methods). For very large values of wi a variance shift outlier model is approximately equivalent to the case deletion approach