Exploring the Key Determinants of Bicycle Share Program Use in a Leisure Context

Over the past two decades, bicycle share programs (BSPs) have developed rapidly around the world, with studies finding that people use such service not only for commuting but also for leisure. However, compared to utilitarian BSP users, limited research has focused on the factors influencing BSP use for leisure experiences. To begin this limitation in the current cycling literature, this dissertation explores the key determinants of leisure BSP use. The extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology proposed by Venkatesh, Thong, and Xu (2012) and the dual-attitudes model conceptualized by Wilson, Lindsey, and Schooler (2000) provided the theoretical framework guiding this research. First, this dissertation developed the Unified Measurement of Bicycle Share Program Use (UMBSPU), an encompassing scale for further investigation of factors influencing an individual\u27s leisure BSP use. The results of the measurement invariance testing and method effect examination indicated that this scale, which includes eight constructs and thirty-three measurement items, is a reliable, valid measurement. Second, this dissertation applied the UMBSPU to examine the influences of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influence, price value, hedonic motivation, and habit on Taipei citizens\u27 intentions to use BSP and their actual use in leisure time. Among all factors examined, habit demonstrated the strongest predict validity of use intention. Furthermore, behavioral intention outperformed habit and facilitating conditions in explaining the variance of actual use. Finally, this dissertation used two Single Target Implicit Association Tests (ST-IATs) to explore BSP users\u27 implicit attitudes toward leisure cycling and leisure cyclists. Explicit attitudes toward leisure cycling and social identity with leisure cyclists were also measured and compared with implicit attitudes, the results indicating that implicit attitudes did not significantly predict leisure BSP use. However, social identity exhibited a strong predictability of an individual\u27s public bicycle riding frequency. Future research is needed to cross-validate the UMBSPU in different contexts and to compare the results from the leisure cycling and cyclists ST-IAT across different types of cyclist groups

Solving Commuting Challenges with RTS Bus Rapid Transit (RTS-BRT) Rochester, NY

The public transport service in Rochester, NY, is inefficient in terms of reliability, safety, comfort, security, waiting, transfer, and longer commute hours. The public transportation system needs significant transformation to overcome this alleviating issue and relieve the burden on low-income residents, pedestrians, and non-motorized vehicle users. The research objective of this thesis is to advance and discover a connection pattern between transportation, urban sprawl, poverty, and unemployment in Rochester, NY. It targets the low-income resident’s detachment from diverse uses, residential settlement, locations of jobs, and transportation options. The research analyses how-: people commute to work, how long the commute takes, the rate of car ownership, and the financial burdens of owning a car. Furthermore, the research goes deeper into the energy demands and emission reduction caused by the transport sector. The data collection method used for the analysis is metanalysis, gathering data from local authority websites, organizations, research papers, and media. Sustainable transport can be a catalyst for urban development that prioritizes equity, accessibility, and time savings for the low-income commuter while reducing emissions and increasing traffic safety. Thus, all benefactors are a modal shift to lower-carbon transport systems such as walking, cycling, public transport, alternative fuel vehicles, modifying roads, and minimizing travel time. The scope of this study is to assess the environmental, social, and economic impacts caused by car dependency in Rochester, NY. As a result, the research probes the opportunities and challenges of leveraging Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) while introducing a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system

An investigation into the ability of transport initiatives to change commuter travel mode choices

PhD ThesisPrivate vehicle use poses a major challenge as a main contributor to climate change. A framework (Avoid/Reduce, Shift, Improve or ASI) has been developed which suggests that a broad approach is required when reducing the effect of transport on climate change. Review of the literature suggests that policy has tended to focus on the shift element of the ASI framework. This raises questions as to whether people would like to shift to public transport, and whether transport policymakers focusing on the shift element of the ASI framework is an effective approach. Further questions also remain with regard to whether the shift element is being adequately implemented. Indeed, internationally governments have tended to take a narrow approach to the shift policy which has focused on pull (incentive) initiatives but neglected push initiatives (disincentives). This thesis critically evaluates the feasibility of this focus on pull initiatives. This is explored through a case study of New Taipei City, Taiwan, where the government is providing major investment in pull initiatives, particularly Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) infrastructure, to get people to shift to public transport. Adopting a mixed method research approach, commuter surveys and qualitative semi-structured interviews were undertaken to explore both the commuters’ perspective and the opinions of key actors and critical observers of the policies implemented. Car and motorcycle users’ main reasons for using private vehicles are comprised of their dependency on using private vehicles, work-related purposes (e.g. job responsibilities, and position), and socio-economic factors. This makes changing their mode of transport difficult, when focusing on a narrow set of pull initiatives. Furthermore, there has been a lack of integration of initiatives such as the MRT infrastructure improvements with new bus services and cycleways, so their pull policies could have been stronger. Consequently, transport officials’ efforts to change commuter travel behaviour are less effective than intended. A combination of pull and push initiatives may be a more balanced approach to changing people’s behaviour in relation to their trip choice, and thus implementing sustainable transport interventions. However, there is likely to be a lack of political will for push initiatives. Consistent with previous findings in the academic literature, there is a need to take a broader approach to tackling the effects of transport on climate change. This thesis has provided further evidence to support this argument and questions why policy continues not to adequately reflect the need for a more holistic approach

考慮運輸場站之都市科技園區土地使用規劃—以北投士林科技園區為例

[[abstract]]都市科技園區係指運用都市區內用地開發以知識密集產業為基礎同時以科技研發為導向之科學技術園區，其往往面臨都市土地資源寶貴、且受限於周邊現有土地使用與交通運輸系統之問題。都市科技園區雖有極高之經濟效益，但也可能衍生大量的旅次發生，對區內與鄰近區域帶來的旅次成長、交通衝擊難以預期。過去文獻中，科技園區、工業區的產業土地使用規劃上，較缺乏預先考慮園區內運輸問題；而運輸與土地使用規劃研究則較少針對都市科技園區進行研究，因此對於土地資源有限之都市科技園區的土地使用規劃，確具有研究價值與空間。 本研究主要因應都市科技園區初步規劃階段，試將運輸區位整合於土地使用設計規劃問題。模式中考量都市科技園區產業產值最大化與可及性成本最小化為目標，探討科技園區內產業與運輸土地使用之區位。本研究透過兩階段方式進行求解，並以最小成本流量問題進行路網規劃。在多目標規劃求解上以權重法設定不同權重組合進行模式求解，藉此探討面對都市科技園區產值與交通可及性之權衡取捨時，園區內產業與運輸土地使用之配置。此外，考慮在科技園區初步規劃階段，對進駐產業之產值與產業旅次發生不確定性，本研究亦建立灰色多目標0-1整數規劃模式。 數值範例分析結果顯示，都市科技園區土地使用規劃結果可反映兩目標式權衡取捨率，當都市科技園區土地使用規劃考慮運輸場站時，其運輸場站土地使用規劃會落於整體園區較中心之區位；而在產業土地使用方面，當權重較偏重考慮運輸土地使用時，園區能提供服務性功能產業較多。情境分析結果顯示若園區提升大眾運輸使用率時，整體科技園區產值將會提升，同時可及性成本也會大幅下降。本研究考慮園區運輸土地使用以及都市未來交通策略的發展，進行都市科技園區土地使用規劃，可提供規劃者在規劃都市科技園區土地使用之決策參考基礎。[[notice]]補正完

Social Innovation in Sustainable Urban Development

How can a city advance from social invention to social innovation, to attain sustainable urban development (SUD)? Many new ideas, initiatives, and showcases for social innovation have been introduced; however, project-based forms of experimentation are often just part of the ongoing urban politics (or governmentality), and consequently somewhat ephemeral, with traditional siloed city administrations remaining a central obstacle to SUD. Our Special Issue presents twelve papers that address the question of social innovation in sustainable urban development from very different angles. The contributions span issues concerning smart cities, innovation in the adaptive reuse of urban heritage, as well as policy options for regions in transition. In terms of social innovation for SUD purposes, the presented solutions range from transferable legal formalizations to the creation of urban ecosystems whose institutional structures ensure the inclusion of the civil society. Instead of a comprehensive, integrative SUD, robust sectoral solutions, or even phased solutions, are more likely to be sought

The right to have digital rights in smart cities

This book is a reprint of the Special Issue Social Innovation in Sustainable Urban Development that was published in Sustainabilit