204 research outputs found
Ultra Wideband Transient Scattering and Its Applications to Automated Target Recognition
Reliable radar target recognition has long been the holy grail of electromagnetic sensors. Target recognition based on the singularity expansion method (SEM) uses a time-domain electromagnetic signature and has been well studied over the last few decades. The SEM describes the late time period of the transient target signature as a sum of damped exponentials with natural resonant frequencies (NRFs). The aspect-independent and purely target geometry and material-dependent nature of the NRF set make it an excellent feature set for target characterization. In this chapter, we aim to review the background and the state of the art of resonance-based target recognition. The theoretical framework of SEM is introduced, followed by signal processing techniques that retrieve the target-dependent NRFs embedded in the transient electromagnetic target signatures. The extinction pulse, a well-known target recognition technique, is discussed. This chapter covers recent developments in using a polarimetric signature for target recognition, as well as using NRFs for subsurface sensing applications. The chapter concludes with some highlights of the ongoing challenges in the field
GPR prospecting in a layered medium via microwave tomography
The tomographic approach appears to be a promising way to elaborate Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data in
order to achieve quantitative information on the tested regions. In this paper, we apply a linearized tomographic
approach to the reconstruction of dielectric objects embedded in a layered medium. The problem is tackled with
reference to a two-dimensional geometry and scalar case when data are collected over a linear domain with finite
extent. In particular, in order to increase the amount of independent available data, a multi-frequency/multi-view/
multi-static measurement configuration is considered. With reference to stepped-frequency radar, this means that
for each working frequency and for each position of the transmitting antenna (moved along a linear domain),
the electric field scattered by the buried targets is measured in several locations along the same linear domain.
The proposed inversion approach is based on the Born approximation and a regularized solution is introduced
by means of the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The problem of determining the optimal measurement
configuration (in terms of number of frequencies and number of transmitting and receiving antennas) is also tackled
by a numerical analysis relying on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Numerical examples are provided
to assess the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach against noise on data
“Unlocking” the Ground: Increasing the Detectability of Buried Objects by Depositing Passive Superstrates
One of the main problems when trying to detect
the position and other characteristics of a small inclusion into
lossy earth via external measurements is the inclusion’s poor
scattering response due to attenuation. Hence, increasing the
scattered power generated by the inclusion by using not an active
but a passive material is of great interest. To this direction, we
examine, in this work, a procedure of “unlocking” the ground by
depositing a thin passive layer of conventional material atop of
it. The first step is to significantly enhance the transmission into
a lossy half space, in the absence of the inclusion, by covering
it with a passive slab. The redistribution of the fields into the
slab and the infinite half space, due to the interplay of waves
between the interfaces, makes possible to determine the thickness
and permittivity of an optimal layer. The full boundary value
problem (including the inclusion and the deposited superstrate) is
solved semi-analytically via integral equations techniques. Then,
the scattered power of the buried inclusion is compared to the
corresponding quantity when no additional layer is present.
We report substantial improvement in the detectability of the
inclusion for several types of ground and burying depths by using
conventional realizable passive materials. Implementation aspects
in potential applications as well as possible future generalizations
are also discussed. The developed technique may constitute an
effective “configuration (structural) preprocessing” which may
be used as a first step in the analysis of related problems before
the application of an inverse scattering algorithm concerning the
efficient processing of the scattering dat
UAV for Landmine Detection Using SDR-Based GPR Technology
This chapter presents an approach for explosive-landmine detection on-board an autonomous aerial drone. The chapter describes the design, implementation and integration of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) using a software defined radio (SDR) platform into the aerial drone. The chapter?s goal is first to tackle in detail the development of a custom-designed lightweight GPR by approaching interplay between hardware and software radio on an SDR platform. The SDR-based GPR system results on a much lighter sensing device compared against the conventional GPR systems found in the literature and with the capability of re-configuration in real-time for different landmines and terrains, with the capability of detecting landmines under terrains with different dielectric characteristics. Secondly, the chapter introduce the integration of the SDR-based GPR into an autonomous drone by describing the mechanical integration, communication system, the graphical user interface (GUI) together with the landmine detection and geo-mapping. This chapter approach completely the hardware and software implementation topics of the on-board GPR system given first a comprehensive background of the software-defined radar technology and second presenting the main features of the Tx and Rx modules. Additional details are presented related with the mechanical and functional integration of the GPR into the UAV system
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