WHAT SOCIAL WORKERS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CYBERBULLYING

Cyberbullying (CB) has been a growing concern that has affected students, parents, and professionals in significant ways.One of the main professionals that have been affected by CB are school social workers. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify what social workers need to know about CB. This study used a qualitative study design because we wanted to obtain an in-depth examination of CB views and beliefs.Data was gathered from 8 middle school teachers, a school principal and a school counselor from a public school in the western region of the United States.In the study participants were interviewed with ten questions focusing on CB. This study’s findings indicated 10 major themes which are the following:almost all participants were able to provide examples of CB occurring in the social networking website Facebook, more than half of all participants could not name any specific CB school policies or laws,the majority of all respondents had distinct views of the protocol for reporting CB,more than half of all the participants had different views of CB symptoms,the respondents were split in half on their beliefs of CB occurring more than traditional bullying,almost all participants believed that this public elementary and middle school took CB seriously, almost all of the teachers were uncertain whether CB was a problem at this public elementary and middle school, almost all of teachers had different ideas for preventing CB, almost all middle school teachers had different ideas for what helping professionals should know about iv CB, almost all teachers suggested different ideas for social workers to prevent CB. Future research should include training for school professionals on how to address CB as our results found that most participants were uncertain as to what to do and thus would be better able to provide suggestions for what social workers should know on CB

A systematic literature review on the code smells datasets and validation mechanisms

The accuracy reported for code smell-detecting tools varies depending on the dataset used to evaluate the tools. Our survey of 45 existing datasets reveals that the adequacy of a dataset for detecting smells highly depends on relevant properties such as the size, severity level, project types, number of each type of smell, number of smells, and the ratio of smelly to non-smelly samples in the dataset. Most existing datasets support God Class, Long Method, and Feature Envy while six smells in Fowler and Beck's catalog are not supported by any datasets. We conclude that existing datasets suffer from imbalanced samples, lack of supporting severity level, and restriction to Java language.Comment: 34 pages, 10 figures, 12 tables, Accepte

Prostate Cancer Screening of Heterosexual Caribbean American and African American Men and their Partners

The incidence and prevalence of prostate cancer are very alarming among men in general, among African American men more narrowly, and among Caribbean American men more specifically. While the disease has variable impact on men of different racial and ethnic backgrounds the impact of the disease on diagnosed Caribbean American men and their families is of particular importance. Prostate cancer screening decisions and behaviors can be very helpful in prevention, early intervention, treatment and recovery from prostate cancer. This research uses a symbolic interactionist framework within a family systems approach towards evaluating and understanding the experience of prostate cancer screening decision making among heterosexual Caribbean American men and their partners. A family systems approach is a comprehensive approach that considers important concepts relevant to the experience of illness and decision making surrounding health maintenance decisions. Symbolic interactions theory (SIT) focuses on the associations between symbols or shared meanings and verbal and non-verbal interactions actions and communications. It is a framework for understanding how human beings engage in relationships with each other and illustrates how they experience a variety of decision making processes. People are seen as employing their reasoning and symbolizing capacities and flexibly interpreting circumstances while simultaneously adapting to the same circumstances based on how they interpret the situations they confront. A qualitative research using Focus Groups of with 26 men and 24 women who identified as heterosexual Caribbean American and African American men and their partners was done. Their prostate cancer screening decision making experiences were evaluated in order to aid in the development of hypotheses and generate understanding about preventive and intervention strategies for serving the African American and Caribbean American community

Good research practices

In this dissertation, entitled “Good Research Practices”, I examine research practices and reform ideas aiming to combat the crisis of confidence in psychology (Pashler & Wagenmakers, 2012). I do so through theoretical contributions and empirical work, propose practical guidelines for researchers, and demonstrate how principles of good research can be conveyed to students. The research methods and statistical practices I present facilitate the adherence to the following three principles: (1) respect the empirical cycle; (2) acknowledge uncertainty; and (3) enrich statistical models with theoretical knowledge

Conceptualizing Mental Health: A Qualitative Study on Mexican Immigrant Mothers\u27 Definition of Their Children\u27s Mental Health in New Mexico

Parents play a significant role in many areas of their childrens mental health, including understanding the concept, detection, utilization, and treatment options. Despite the importance of parents\u27 role, there is relatively little research in the United States on Latino parents\u27 conceptualization of the term mental health. This study focuses on understanding conceptualization patterns of children\u27s mental health among low-income Mexican immigrant mothers. I utilize the social construction framework to investigate the social nature of the construct mental health. I also engage with the medicalization literature to shed light on the biomedical model\u27s perspective on mental health. Nine focus groups were conducted with 75 low-income Mexican immigrant mothers in New Mexico. Through inductive qualitative analysis of how participants define the term mental health of their children, five coexisting conceptualizations of mental health emerged: cognitive, emotional, behavioral, positive outlook, and social environment. I found that Mexican immigrant mothers have a complex, multifaceted conceptualization of children\u27s mental health. The mothers in this study defined mental health first in the arena of larger social dynamics and contexts in which children are embedded and then included definitions that aligned with the traditional Western biomedical framework. Mexican immigrant mothers\u27 concept of mental health is not a fixed, purely biological or psychological concept, but instead it is an evolving, social, and multidimensional category that includes a variety of overlapping conceptualizations. The analysis suggests a need for additional research to continue to investigate the concept of mental health within this and other communities. Furthermore, this community\u27s conceptualization of mental health was tied to the participants\u27 identity and everyday experiences. Contextualizing the definition of mental health should add to the understanding about mental health disparities among Latino children and suggest strategies to increase better communication between Latino parents and mental health providers. This study emphasizes the social determinant framework highlighting the importance of context in regards to the construction of children\u27s mental health

A User Feedback Centric Approach for Detecting and Mitigating God Class Code Smell Using Frequent Usage Patterns

Code smells are the fragments in the source code that indicates deeper problems in the underlying software design. These code smells can hinder software evolution and maintenance. Out of different code smell types, the God Class (GC) code smell is one of the many important code smells that directly affects the software evolution and maintenance. The GC is commonly defined as a much larger class in systems that either know too much or do too much as compared to other classes in the system. God Classes are generally accidentally created overtime during software evolution because of the incremental addition of functionalities to it. Generally, a GC indicates a bad design choice and it must be detected and mitigated in order to enhance the quality of the underlying software. However, sometimes the presence of a GC is also considered a good design choice, especially in compiler design, interpreter design and parser implementation. This makes the developer’s feedback important for the correct classification of a class as a GC or a normal class. Therefore, this paper proposes a new approach that detects and proposes refactoring opportunities for GC code smell. The proposed approach makes use of different code metrics in combination along with utilizing user feedback as an important aspect while correctly identifying the GC code smell. The proposed approach that considers combined use of code metrics, is based on two newly proposed code metrics in this paper. The first newly proposed metric is a new approach of measuring the connectivity of a given class with other classes in the system (also termed as coupling). The second newly proposed code metric is proposed to measure the extent to which a given classes make use of foreign member variables. Finally, the proposed approach is also empirically evaluated on two standard open-source commonly used software systems. The obtained result indicates that the proposed approach is capable of correctly identifying the GC code smell

Intimate Partner Violence And Depressive Symptoms: A Moderated Mediation Model Of Religious Coping And Spiritual Well-Being In African American Women

Religious coping and spiritual well-being were found to be culturally important resilience factors for African American women suffering from abuse and depressive symptoms. This investigation aimed to investigate whether: (1) spiritual well-being and its two components of existential and religious well-being mediate the Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)-Depressive Symptoms (DS) link; (2) positive and negative religious coping moderate the IPV-DS association; and (3) the mediating effect of spiritual well-being in the IPV-DS link is moderated by level of religious coping (i.e., moderated mediation). The study utilized data from 208 low income, suicidal and abused African American women, ages 18-55. Only the existential component of spiritual well-being was found to fully mediate the IPV-DS link. This indirect effect weakened at higher levels of negative religious coping. As predicted, higher levels of negative religious coping were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Surprisingly, higher levels of negative religious coping were also associated with increases in existential well-being which, in turn, led to decrease in depressive symptoms. The findings underscore the importance of addressing existential well-being and religious coping in clinical interventions and in training for mental health professionals. Clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed and future directions recommended