Ciclones con características tropicales sobre el Atlántico nordeste y el Mediterráneo : análisis en clima presente y proyecciones de futuro

Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, leída el 27-04-2018Cyclones with tropical characteristics are low pressure systems showing characteristics of both baroclinic (extratropical) and diabatic (tropical) cyclones. Thus, they are within the continuum between the theoretical conceptual extreme of cyclones. Examples of these hybrid cyclones are subtropical cyclones (STCs) forming in the North Atlantic and medicanes of tropical likecyclones in the Mediterranean Sea.The scientific and forecasting community has recently focus on them due to their recognitionas weather damaging systems. They are associated with uncertainties and their relationship with climate change is not very well understood yet. Especially in the northeastern Atlantic (ENA) there is little knowledge of them. Therefore, this thesis aims to add further insight into their characteristics on both present and future climate in Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC) context, with an additional evaluation of the tools that can be used for studying them in both climates...Los ciclones con características tropicales son sistemas de bajas presiones que muestran características de ciclones baroclinos (o extratropicales) y ciclones diabáticos (o tropicales). Están situados en un continuo entre los extremos teóricos de ciclón. Ejemplos de este tipo de ciclones son los ciclones subtropicales (STCs, por sus siglas en inglés) que se forman en el Atlántico Nordeste, así como los “medicanes” en el Mediterráneo.Las comunidades científica y operacional han puesto recientemente el foco sobre estos sistemas debido a su reciente reconocimiento como sistemas atmosféricos adversos. Están asociados con incertidumbre en la predicción y su relación con el cambio climático antropogénico (ACC) no está bien establecida, especialmente en el Atlántico Nordeste. Por tanto, esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo mejorar el conocimiento de estos sistemas tanto en clima actual como en clima futuro, así como evaluar las herramientas con las que se pueden estudiar...Depto. de Física de la Tierra y AstrofísicaFac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEunpu

Active microwave remote sensing of earth/land, chapter 2

Geoscience applications of active microwave remote sensing systems are examined. Major application areas for the system include: (1) exploration of petroleum, mineral, and ground water resources, (2) mapping surface and structural features, (3) terrain analysis, both morphometric and genetic, (4) application in civil works, and (5) application in the areas of earthquake prediction and crustal movements. Although the success of radar surveys has not been widely publicized, they have been used as a prime reconnaissance data base for mineral exploration and land-use evaluation in areas where photography cannot be obtained

Applications notice

The discipline programs of the Space and Terrestrial (S&T) Applications Program are described and examples of research areas of current interest are given. Application of space techniques to improve conditions on earth are summarized. Discipline programs discussed include: resource observations; environmental observations; communications; materials processing in space; and applications systems/information systems. Format information on submission of unsolicited proposals for research related to the S&T Applications Program are given

Simulación secular de la potencia eólica generada mediante el empleo e algoritmos soft-computing

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Departamento de Astrofísica y Ciencias de la Atmósfera, leída el 08/04/2014Depto. de Física de la Tierra y AstrofísicaFac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEunpu

Analysis, Characterization, Prediction and Attribution of Extreme Atmospheric Events with Machine Learning: a Review

Atmospheric Extreme Events (EEs) cause severe damages to human societies and ecosystems. The frequency and intensity of EEs and other associated events are increasing in the current climate change and global warming risk. The accurate prediction, characterization, and attribution of atmospheric EEs is therefore a key research field, in which many groups are currently working by applying different methodologies and computational tools. Machine Learning (ML) methods have arisen in the last years as powerful techniques to tackle many of the problems related to atmospheric EEs. This paper reviews the ML algorithms applied to the analysis, characterization, prediction, and attribution of the most important atmospheric EEs. A summary of the most used ML techniques in this area, and a comprehensive critical review of literature related to ML in EEs, are provided. A number of examples is discussed and perspectives and outlooks on the field are drawn.Comment: 93 pages, 18 figures, under revie

Radar, Insect Population Ecology, and Pest Management

Discussions included: (1) the potential role of radar in insect ecology studies and pest management; (2) the potential role of radar in correlating atmospheric phenomena with insect movement; (3) the present and future radar systems; (4) program objectives required to adapt radar to insect ecology studies and pest management; and (5) the specific action items to achieve the objectives

The Pacific as the world’s greatest theater of bird migration:Extreme flights spark questions about physiological capabilities, behavior, and the evolution of migratory pathways

The Pacific Basin, by virtue of its vastness and its complex aeroscape, provides unique opportunities to address questions about the behavioral and physiological capabilities and mechanisms through which birds can complete spectacular flights. No longer is the Pacific seen just as a formidable barrier between terrestrial habitats in the north and the south, but rather as a gateway for specialized species, such as shorebirds, to make a living on hemispherically distributed seasonal resources. This recent change in perspective is dramatic, and the research that underpins it has presented new opportunities to learn about phenomena that often challenge a sense of normal. Ancient Polynesians were aware of the seasonal passage of shorebirds and other landbirds over the Pacific Ocean, incorporating these observations into their navigational “tool kit” as they explored and colonized the Pacific. Some ten centuries later, systematic visual observations and tracking technology have revealed much about movement of these shorebirds, especially the enormity of their individual nonstop flights. This invites a broad suite of questions, often requiring comparative studies with bird migration across other ocean basins, or across continents. For example, how do birds manage many days of nonstop exercise apparently without sleep? What mechanisms explain birds acting as if they possess a Global Positioning System? How do such extreme migrations evolve? Through advances in both theory and tracking technology, biologists are poised to greatly expand the horizons of movement ecology as we know it. In this integrative review, we present a series of intriguing questions about trans-Pacific migrant shorebirds and summarize recent advances in knowledge about migratory behavior operating at temporal scales ranging from immediate decisions during a single flight, to adaptive learning throughout a lifetime, to evolutionary development of migratory pathways. Recent advances in this realm should stimulate future research across the globe and across a broad array of disciplines

Management and display of four-dimensional environmental data sets using McIDAS

Over the past four years, great strides have been made in the areas of data management and display of 4-D meteorological data sets. A survey was conducted of available and planned 4-D meteorological data sources. The data types were evaluated for their impact on the data management and display system. The requirements were analyzed for data base management generated by the 4-D data display system. The suitability of the existing data base management procedures and file structure were evaluated in light of the new requirements. Where needed, new data base management tools and file procedures were designed and implemented. The quality of the basic 4-D data sets was assured. The interpolation and extrapolation techniques of the 4-D data were investigated. The 4-D data from various sources were combined to make a uniform and consistent data set for display purposes. Data display software was designed to create abstract line graphic 3-D displays. Realistic shaded 3-D displays were created. Animation routines for these displays were developed in order to produce a dynamic 4-D presentation. A prototype dynamic color stereo workstation was implemented. A computer functional design specification was produced based on interactive studies and user feedback

Remote sensing in the coastal and marine environment. Proceedings of the US North Atlantic Regional Workshop

Presentations were grouped in the following categories: (1) a technical orientation of Earth resources remote sensing including data sources and processing; (2) a review of the present status of remote sensing technology applicable to the coastal and marine environment; (3) a description of data and information needs of selected coastal and marine activities; and (4) an outline of plans for marine monitoring systems for the east coast and a concept for an east coast remote sensing facility. Also discussed were user needs and remote sensing potentials in the areas of coastal processes and management, commercial and recreational fisheries, and marine physical processes