6,653 research outputs found
Design of energy efficient MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks
Masteroppgave i Informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi IKT590 Universitetet i Agder 2014Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been used in variety of applications such as in military and defense, process control industry and health monitoring applications. In WSNs, sensors are in small size with limited battery capacity and idle listening is a crucial problem which consumes more energy. Duty cycling (DC) is a technique which is used in many medium access control (MAC) protocols to reduce idle listening. In this thesis, we propose an asynchronous DC protocol, namely energy balancing asynchronous cooperative transmission medium access control (EB-ACT-MAC), which balances the remaining energy of sensor nodes to extend network lifetime. Furthermore, we evaluate EB-ACT-MAC using MATLAB and compare with previously proposed asynchronous cooperative transmission MAC (ACT-MAC) and a popular asynchronous predictive wakeup MAC (PW-MAC) protocol. Numerical results demonstrate that EB-ACT-MAC protocol shows better performance over the existing protocols in terms of network longevity and the energy efficiency. Moreover, we present ns2 simulation results for PW-MAC and another popular MAC protocol called receiver initiated MAC (RI-MAC) protocol. Results show that PW-MAC has lower overall duty cycle and shorter latency when compared with RI-MAC. Besides, we propose and describe another new MAC protocol which we refer it to as asynchronous in-turn transmission MAC (AIT-MAC) protocol. Key words: Wireless sensor network, MAC protocol, duty cycling, energy balancing, cooperative transmission
Adaptive Duty Cycling MAC Protocols Using Closed-Loop Control for Wireless Sensor Networks
The fundamental design goal of wireless sensor MAC protocols is to minimize unnecessary power consumption of the sensor nodes, because of its stringent resource constraints and ultra-power limitation. In existing MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), duty cycling, in which each node periodically cycles between the active and sleep states, has been introduced to reduce unnecessary energy consumption. Existing MAC schemes, however, use a fixed duty cycling regardless of multi-hop communication and traffic fluctuations. On the other hand, there is a tradeoff between energy efficiency and delay caused by duty cycling mechanism in multi-hop communication and existing MAC approaches only tend to improve energy efficiency with sacrificing data delivery delay. In this paper, we propose two different MAC schemes (ADS-MAC and ELA-MAC) using closed-loop control in order to achieve both energy savings and minimal delay in wireless sensor networks. The two proposed MAC schemes, which are synchronous and asynchronous approaches, respectively, utilize an adaptive timer and a successive preload frame with closed-loop control for adaptive duty cycling. As a result, the analysis and the simulation results show that our schemes outperform existing schemes in terms of energy efficiency and delivery delay
The ContikiMAC Radio Duty Cycling Protocol
Low-power wireless devices must keep their radio
transceivers off as much as possible to reach a low power
consumption, but must wake up often enough to be able to
receive communication from their neighbors. This report
describes the ContikiMAC radio duty cycling mechanism,
the default radio duty cycling mechanism in Contiki 2.5,
which uses a power efficient wake-up mechanism with
a set of timing constraints to allow device to keep their
transceivers off. With ContikiMAC, nodes can participate
in network communication yet keep their radios turned
off for roughly 99% of the time. This report describes the
ContikiMAC mechanism, measures the energy consumption
of individual ContikiMAC operations, and evaluates
the efficiency of the fast sleep and phase-lock optimizations
How to Choose the Relevant MAC Protocol for Wireless Smart Parking Urban Networks?
Parking sensor network is rapidly deploying around the world and is regarded
as one of the first implemented urban services in smart cities. To provide the
best network performance, the MAC protocol shall be adaptive enough in order to
satisfy the traffic intensity and variation of parking sensors. In this paper,
we study the heavy-tailed parking and vacant time models from SmartSantander,
and then we apply the traffic model in the simulation with four different kinds
of MAC protocols, that is, contention-based, schedule-based and two hybrid
versions of them. The result shows that the packet interarrival time is no
longer heavy-tailed while collecting a group of parking sensors, and then
choosing an appropriate MAC protocol highly depends on the network
configuration. Also, the information delay is bounded by traffic and MAC
parameters which are important criteria while the timely message is required.Comment: The 11th ACM International Symposium on Performance Evaluation of
Wireless Ad Hoc, Sensor, and Ubiquitous Networks (2014
Low Power, Low Delay: Opportunistic Routing meets Duty Cycling
Traditionally, routing in wireless sensor networks consists of
two steps: First, the routing protocol selects a next hop,
and, second, the MAC protocol waits for the intended destination
to wake up and receive the data. This design makes
it difficult to adapt to link dynamics and introduces delays
while waiting for the next hop to wake up.
In this paper we introduce ORW, a practical opportunistic
routing scheme for wireless sensor networks. In a dutycycled
setting, packets are addressed to sets of potential receivers
and forwarded by the neighbor that wakes up first
and successfully receives the packet. This reduces delay and
energy consumption by utilizing all neighbors as potential
forwarders. Furthermore, this increases resilience to wireless
link dynamics by exploiting spatial diversity. Our results
show that ORW reduces radio duty-cycles on average
by 50% (up to 90% on individual nodes) and delays by 30%
to 90% when compared to the state of the art
Performance Comparison of Contention- and Schedule-based MAC Protocols in Urban Parking Sensor Networks
Network traffic model is a critical problem for urban applications, mainly
because of its diversity and node density. As wireless sensor network is highly
concerned with the development of smart cities, careful consideration to
traffic model helps choose appropriate protocols and adapt network parameters
to reach best performances on energy-latency tradeoffs. In this paper, we
compare the performance of two off-the-shelf medium access control protocols on
two different kinds of traffic models, and then evaluate their application-end
information delay and energy consumption while varying traffic parameters and
network density. From the simulation results, we highlight some limits induced
by network density and occurrence frequency of event-driven applications. When
it comes to realtime urban services, a protocol selection shall be taken into
account - even dynamically - with a special attention to energy-delay tradeoff.
To this end, we provide several insights on parking sensor networks.Comment: ACM International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies for
Smart Cities (WiMobCity) (2014
Efficient time synchronized one-time password scheme to provide secure wake-up authentication on wireless sensor networks
In this paper we propose Time Synchronized One-Time-Password scheme to
provide secure wake up authentication. The main constraint of wireless sensor
networks is their limited power resource that prevents us from using radio
transmission over the network to transfer the passwords. On the other hand
computation power consumption is insignificant when compared to the costs
associated with the power needed for transmitting the right set of keys. In
addition to prevent adversaries from reading and following the timeline of the
network, we propose to encrypt the tokens using symmetric encryption to prevent
replay attacks.Comment: International Journal Of Advanced Smart Sensor Network Systems
(IJASSN), Vol 3, No.1, January 2013
http://airccse.org/journal/ijassn/papers/3113ijassn01.pd
A critical analysis of research potential, challenges and future directives in industrial wireless sensor networks
In recent years, Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) have emerged as an important research theme with applications spanning a wide range of industries including automation, monitoring, process control, feedback systems and automotive. Wide scope of IWSNs applications ranging from small production units, large oil and gas industries to nuclear fission control, enables a fast-paced research in this field. Though IWSNs offer advantages of low cost, flexibility, scalability, self-healing, easy deployment and reformation, yet they pose certain limitations on available potential and introduce challenges on multiple fronts due to their susceptibility to highly complex and uncertain industrial environments. In this paper a detailed discussion on design objectives, challenges and solutions, for IWSNs, are presented. A careful evaluation of industrial systems, deadlines and possible hazards in industrial atmosphere are discussed. The paper also presents a thorough review of the existing standards and industrial protocols and gives a critical evaluation of potential of these standards and protocols along with a detailed discussion on available hardware platforms, specific industrial energy harvesting techniques and their capabilities. The paper lists main service providers for IWSNs solutions and gives insight of future trends and research gaps in the field of IWSNs
Improving energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks through scheduling and routing
This paper is about the wireless sensor network in environmental monitoring
applications. A Wireless Sensor Network consists of many sensor nodes and a
base station. The number and type of sensor nodes and the design protocols for
any wireless sensor network is application specific. The sensor data in this
application may be light intensity, temperature, pressure, humidity and their
variations .Clustering and routing are the two areas which are given more
attention in this paper.Comment: 7 Pages, 2 Figures and 1 Tabl
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