DEVELOPING ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP STYLES IN IMPROVING SMIs MANUFACTURING BUMIPUTERA TECHNOPRENEURS PERFORMANCE IN MELAKA

Understanding developing the effectiveness entrepreneurial leadership styles were important for theoretical and practical reasons because Bumiputera technopreneurial leaders were the individual that need to lead small and medium industries (SMIs) in today‟s innovative and dynamic market in Melaka. The objective of this study was to examine the developing effective entrepreneurial leadership styles in impoving SMIs manufacturing bumiputera technopreneurs performance in Melaka. The research had identified the certain personality traits, behaviors, competencies technopreneurial leaders. There were positive and significant relationship between entrepreneurial leadership styles namely transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style and charismatic style with entrepreneurial leaders‟ personality traits, entrepreneurial leaders‟ behaviours, entrepreneurial leaders‟ competencies, entrepreneurial leaders‟ monitoring companies‟ operation and entrepreneurial leaders‟ monitoring companies‟ performance. The analysis shown that Bumiputera technopreneurial leaders and entrepreneurial leaders‟ monitoring operation and performance among the Bumiputera can use it‟s to evaluate SMIs success and ventures success. Also practitioners of high-risk lending may be interested in methods of assessing entrepreneurial leadership that can be introduced into their risk calculus and potentially improve the likelihood of higher returns of their venture in investments. Thus, charismatic leadership style was found most highly related to entrepreneurial leaders‟ personality traits, entrepreneurial leaders‟ behaviours, entrepreneurial leaders‟ competencies, entrepreneurial leaders‟ monitoring companies‟ operation and entrepreneurial leaders‟ monitoring companies‟ performance followed by transactional leadership style and transformational leadership style. The conclusion, the research had provide insights for team building in executives‟ teams of SMIs, for example providing guidance in finding team members that can make unique contributions via their personality traits, behaviors, competencies and ways to monitor SMIs operation and performance. Suggestions of the research can be used as a guide to present and future SMIs technopreneurs regarding developing the effectiveness entrepreneurial leadership style that have to be practiced to become successful Bumiputera technopreneurial leader in Melaka

East Asian SME Capacity Building, Competitiveness and Market Opportunities in a Global Economy

Over the past decade the economies of East Asia, and APEC more generally, have been opening up their markets and in the process have achieved significant gains in exports and economic growth. In conjunction with this increased economic integration there has been increased recognition by regional governments of the potential for a substantial increase in the participation by small businesses in the generation of regional income, employment, exports, investment and expanded economic growth. Advances in information and communications technology add credence to this potential. In addition, developing economies are especially seeing small businesses as potential instruments for the alleviation of poverty. This viewpoint has been given further stimulus since the financial and economic crisis of 1997-98, arising from which there has been a growing recognition of the need for the East Asian economies to engage in comprehensive restructuring of their corporate sectors, with the objective of achieving transparency, improving corporate governance and developing globally competitive enterprises. The small and medium enterprise (SME) sector can play a key role in the attainment of such objectives. This paper reviews the contribution of the SME sector to the growth and development of the regional (East Asian) economies, and their increasing importance in the attainment of a sustained recovery of the region in terms of economic growth, employment, trade and investment and the development of globally competitive economies. It also identifies: barriers to their development; key factors essential for their capacity building; strategies to enhance their competitiveness in the global marketplace; and key components relating to their export success.East Asia, small and medium-sized enterprises, competitiveness, export success

Politics and Economic Reform in Malaysia

Malaysia’s admirable economic growth is often attributed to liberal, open economic policies. Aggregate measures of openness, however, often veil the way coalitional politics drove illiberal government intervention in the economy to correct ethnically based economic inequality, create national heavy industries, and favor politically well-connected entrepreneurs. A more nuanced analysis reveals a complex mix of liberal and illiberal economic policies designed to balance competing coalitional interests. These policies created a “dual economy” that successfully replaced growing political and social instability with rapid economic growth sufficient to support redistributive politics. Yet this same dual economy also slowed further reform and retarded technological development, leaving Malaysia mired in mediocrity: neither price competitive with China nor technologically competitive with Singapore, the East Asian NICs, or the OECD countries.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40041/3/wp655.pd

Politics and Economic Reform in Malaysia

Malaysia’s admirable economic growth is often attributed to liberal, open economic policies. Aggregate measures of openness, however, often veil the way coalitional politics drove illiberal government intervention in the economy to correct ethnically based economic inequality, create national heavy industries, and favor politically well-connected entrepreneurs. A more nuanced analysis reveals a complex mix of liberal and illiberal economic policies designed to balance competing coalitional interests. These policies created a “dual economy” that successfully replaced growing political and social instability with rapid economic growth sufficient to support redistributive politics. Yet this same dual economy also slowed further reform and retarded technological development, leaving Malaysia mired in mediocrity: neither price competitive with China nor technologically competitive with Singapore, the East Asian NICs, or the OECD countries.Malaysia, Economic Reform, Technological Upgrading, Coalitions, Dualism

The Malaysian 'Vision 2020' national development plan : implementation problems in Sabah.

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN021151 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Adoption of project appraisal practice and accessibility of finance : an empirical analysis on selected small and medium-sized manufacturing companies in Malaysia

The crucial role played by small and medium-sized industries (SMIs) in developing countries is very well acknowledged. In Malaysia, for example, the SMIs are perceived as the backbone of the nation's industrialisation process. However, the promotion and development of these SMIs are often hampered by their lack of access to formal institutional credits. The lack of access to formal credits is often ascribed to the higher level of perceived risks, moral hazards and transactions costs. At present, banks and SMIs in developing countries do not have the appropriate technology to adequately assess these risks. The present study seeks to suggest that project appraisal practice can and should be adopted by the SMIs in order to assess their project's risks. Banks are recommended to use similar techniques to objectively evaluate their lending risks. Built upon the theoretical framework of finance and development, the study empirically evaluates the relationship between the adoption of project appraisal practice by the SMIs and their access to formal sector finance. In addition, the study also attempts to identify the factors that can influence the company's decision whether or not to adopt formal project appraisal practice. A very significant and positive relationship was found between the adoption of project appraisal practice and the SMIs' access to formal sector finance. The following factors were found to be significant in determining whether or not a firm adopts project appraisal practice: (1) access to banks finance, (2) entrepreneur's level of education, (3) training on project appraisal, (4) market classification, and, (5) level of business experience. The study therefore concludes that the adoption of project appraisal practice by SMIs should be encouraged through formal training. Finally, the study suggests that the present system of providing finance to SMIs should be reformed and a more innovative and efficient system is recommended

Trade and Investment Liberalization Effects on SME Development: A Literature Review and a Case Study of Indonesia

As this research seeks to bring to the fore benefits that have been or may be derived for SMEs from international trade and investment liberalization in Indonesia, it has three main questions: (1). how international trade and investment policy reforms affect local SMEs; (2) has growth of exports of SMEs accelerated since the reforms; and (3) does investment liberalization generate more subcontracting between local SMEs and FDI.?Trade and Investment, SME, Indonesia

Measuring the effectiveness of credit guarantee schemes: evidence from Malaysia

Governments across the globe are increasingly utilizing credit guarantee schemes to support SMEs. This article fills a gap in the academic literature for developing countries by reviewing the effectiveness of the New Principal Guarantee Scheme (NPGS) offered by the Credit Guarantee Corporation (CGC) in Malaysia. Using a variety of research methods, the authors investigate whether the CGC has achieved its objectives of generating finance and economic additionality without placing its financial resources under undue strain or jeopardizing its relationships with participating financial institutions. It is almost impossible to establish ‘definitive’ measures of additionality yet our findings provide sufficient evidence to demonstrate that the CGC is not meeting all of its objectives. The authors put forward an integrated package of measures designed to enhance the effectiveness of the NPGS

SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZE ENTERPRISES IN PAKISTAN: DEFINITION AND CRITICAL ISSUES

SMEs play a vital role in the development of an economy. Thecontribution of Pakistani SMEs is less as compared to other countries, yet their significance cannot be denied. The SME sector is facing multifarious problems that made it difficult to contribute to the nation‘s GDP. This paper attempts to focus on the major constraints faced by the SMEs. The basic problem starts with no defined and standardized size for SMEs. The paper examines the definitions of SMEs given by different government organizations in Pakistan with some possible suggestion for one standard SME definition (in terms of size). This paper also highlights the critical issues of Pakistani SMEs such as financial, human, physical and technological. The paper concludes with some brief prospects by recommending a few implications for policy