3 research outputs found

    Interpolated PLSI for Learning Plausible Verb Arguments

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    PACLIC 23 / City University of Hong Kong / 3-5 December 200

    Alternative Approaches to Correction of Malapropisms in AIML Based Conversational Agents

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    The use of Conversational Agents (CAs) utilizing Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML) has been studied in a number of disciplines. Previous research has shown a great deal of promise. It has also documented significant limitations in the abilities of these CAs. Many of these limitations are related specifically to the method employed by AIML to resolve ambiguities in the meaning and context of words. While methods exist to detect and correct common errors in spelling and grammar of sentences and queries submitted by a user, one class of input error that is particularly difficult to detect and correct is the malapropism. In this research a malapropism is defined a verbal blunder in which one word is replaced by another similar in sound but different in meaning ( malapropism, 2013). This research explored the use of alternative methods of correcting malapropisms in sentences input to AIML CAs using measures of Semantic Distance and tri-gram probabilities. Results of these alternate methods were compared against AIML CAs using only the Symbolic Reductions built into AIML. This research found that the use of the two methodologies studied here did indeed lead to a small, but measurable improvement in the performance of the CA in terms of the appropriateness of its responses as classified by human judges. However, it was also noted that in a large number of cases, the CA simply ignored the existence of a malapropism altogether in formulating its responses. In most of these cases, the interpretation and response to the user\u27s input was of such a general nature that one might question the overall efficacy of the AIML engine. The answer to this question is a matter for further study

    Paronymy in contemporary Serbian language ; ΠŸΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ Π² соврСмСнном сСрбском языкС

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    ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π΄Π° докторскС Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Ρ˜Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅ однос ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ суфиксираним Π·Π°Ρ˜Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ†Π°ΠΌΠ°, Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ†ΠΈΡ™Π΅Π²Π° Ρ˜Π΅ΡΡƒ: 1) ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΡšΠ΅ систСмског ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ˜Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Ρ™Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π΅Π³ ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ˜ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Π³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π΅Π³ парадигматског лСксичког односа, који Ρƒ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ срСдинама, посСбно Ρƒ Π ΡƒΡΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ, Π²Π΅Ρ› Π΄ΡƒΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΆΡšΡƒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ лСксиколога, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ стилистичара, нормативиста ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‡Π°Ρ€Π°; 2) издвајањС ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ˜ΡƒΠΌΠ° ΠΈ лингвистичких ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€Π° Π·Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ долаТСњС Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ… којС сС ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρƒ срСсти Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅Π»Π΅Π²Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡ˜ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΈ; 3) долаТСњС Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π° Π½Π° Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡ˜Π½Π° ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ° која сС Ρƒ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈ са ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ˜ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Ρ™Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‚ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π° Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈ јС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ˜Π° систСмска појава ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅, Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈ сС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ˜Π°Π²Ρ™Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ искључиво Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠ°, односно Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈ јС ΡƒΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΡ˜ Ρ€Π΅Π»Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ, Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° јСдног ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Π³Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠΊΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π² јС однос ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ истокорСнских синонима ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡ›ΠΈ Ρ˜Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρƒ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ ΠΎΠ²Π° Π΄Π²Π° односа, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ полисСмија ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ Π½Π° однос ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ сл.; 4) ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Ρ™Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅ сликС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° којС су сС Ρƒ лСксичком систСму, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ˜Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠ° најподлоТнијСм Ρ˜Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠΌ подсистСму, дСсилС ΠΎΠ΄ срСдинС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΎΠ³ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎ данас; 5) Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π±Π΅Π½Π΅ ΠΈ сСмантичкС ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°; 6) ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ‚Ρ™Π°Π²Π°ΡšΠ΅ односа ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ приступа ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρƒ наставном процСсу ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡšΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π΄Π΅ Ρƒ дСскриптивним Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΌΠ° саврСмСног српског јСзика; 7) ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π½Π° могућност ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°Π΄Π΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°. Као Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΡ€ Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ’Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡˆΡ›Π΅Π½ јС ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈ Π Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊ српскохрватскога књиТСвног јСзика ΠœΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ†Π΅ српскС, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ су сви остали Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈ слуТили ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ допунски ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ’Π΅ користили смо сС Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΌ лингвистичким ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ свСга дСскриптивном ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎ ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π³ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ…Π²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π΅Π³ описа СксцСрпиранС Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ’Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π»Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ, која јС Π²Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° Π·Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ†Π° са ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΡšΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ издвајањС сСмантичких ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎ којима сС лСксСмС Ρƒ односу ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΡ˜Ρƒ. ΠŸΠΎΡ€Π΅Π΄ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π°, Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρƒ смо сС слуТили ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ корпуснС лингвистикС ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ бисмо Π½Π° основу контСкста Ρƒ којима сС испитиванС лСксичкС Ρ˜Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π΅ Ρ˜Π°Π²Ρ™Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΡ™ΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡšΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎΠΌ статусу Ρƒ лСксичком систСму саврСмСног српског јСзика, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ смо Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€Π°Ρ˜ΡƒΡ›ΠΈΠΌ мСстима ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡšΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ статистичкС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π΅. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠ· Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ 2.099 лСксСма којС су сС нашлС Ρƒ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Ρƒ ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° дошли смо Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΡ™ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ… Π·Π°ΠΊΡ™ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΠΊΠ° Ρƒ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈ са ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡšΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ мСстом Ρƒ лСксичком систСму. НаимС, Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρƒ смо ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π° сС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π»Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ синонима, са јСднС, ΠΈ Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… лСксСма, са Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π΅ странС, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ сС, ΡƒΠ· ΡƒΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ˜Π° полисСмијС, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΎ синопаронимима, паросинонимима, ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΏΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΏΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ°. ЛСксСмС ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΏΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π΄Π°Ρ™Π΅ смо ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ€Π½Π΅ ΠΈ сСкундарнС (ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π΅), Ρƒ зависности ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π° Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈ однос ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈ ΠΈ ШСстотомник ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ јС Π΄ΠΎ њСга дошло процСсом Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π½Π΅ ΠΈ дистантнС, Ρƒ зависности ΠΎΠ΄ стСпСна сСмантичкС блискости. Када сС Ρƒ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΈΡ€ Π½Π΅ ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ˜Ρƒ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΡšΡΠΊΠ΅ структурС лСксСма, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ сС Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ°. Π—Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΡšΠ° ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ° су Ρƒ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρƒ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π»Π½Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ јСдан ΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈΡ… Π·Π°ΠΊΡ™ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΠΊΠ° Ρ˜Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅ Π΄Π° сС ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡ˜Π° лСксСма Ρƒ односу ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΡ˜Π΅ архисСма, Π° Π΄Π° јС Ρƒ осталим ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Π΅Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ ΠΎ нСкој ΠΎΠ΄ сСма Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π³ Ρ€Π°Π½Π³Π° која зајСдно са архисСмом Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ сСмантичко Ρ˜Π΅Π·Π³Ρ€ΠΎ, односно ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€. Π¨Ρ‚ΠΎ јС Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½Π° сСма ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π°, Ρ‚ΠΎ су лСксСмС ΡƒΠ΄Π°Ρ™Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°, Π° Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ синонимима. Када јС Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ ΠΎ Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΌ особСностима Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°, јСдан ΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈΡ… Π·Π°ΠΊΡ™ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΠΊΠ° Ρ˜Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅ Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ истог Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ сС Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ, Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π° Ρƒ Π½Π°Ρ˜Π²Π΅Ρ›Π΅ΠΌ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡ˜Ρƒ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Π΅Π²Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ поклапања ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΡ’Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ смо ΠΈ Π΄Π° сС однос ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΡ€Π° остваривати искључиво ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ· Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π»Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, Π²Π΅Ρ› ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ· лСксСмС ΡƒΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ˜Π΅Π½Π΅ Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΄Π° паронимских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ вишС Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°. ΠŸΠΎΡ€Π΅Π΄ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π°, ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ· Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π»Π½Π΅ припадности лСксСма, дошли смо Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΡ™ΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π° Π½Π°Ρ˜Π²Π΅Ρ›ΠΈ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡ˜ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π²Π° особС, Π·Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π°Π·Π΅ Π½Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²ΠΈ Π·Π° инструмСнтС ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ†Π΅ са мСсним Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΡšΠ΅ΠΌ. Π’Π²ΠΎΡ€Π±Π΅Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ° јС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° Π΄Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ˜Π° Ρ˜Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅ систСмска појава Ρ˜Π΅Ρ€ сС одвија Ρƒ ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡ€Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ… Π³Π½Π΅Π·Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ… подсистСма лСксичког, Π° самим Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ˜Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ³ систСма Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»Π½ΠΎ, Π° Π½Π΅ насумично ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ којим лСксичким Ρ˜Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π°ΠΌΠ°, Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π° јС посрСди Π²Ρ€Π»ΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»Π°Ρ€Π½Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π° Ρ˜Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠ° појава. Π£ ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡ€Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π°Π²Ρ™Π° издвојСни су суфикси ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ којима Π½Π°Ρ˜Ρ‡Π΅ΡˆΡ›Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡ‚Π²Π°Ρ€Π°ΡšΠ° ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π»Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅: ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ›ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ јС ΠΎ односу ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ суфикса -Π»Π°Ρ† ΠΈ -Ρ‚Π΅Ρ™, -Π°Ρ‡ ΠΈ -Π»Π°Ρ†, -Π°Ρ‡ ΠΈ -Ρ‚Π΅Ρ™, Ρ€Π΅Ρ’Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… суфикса (ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‚ -(Π½)ΠΈΠΊ, -(Π°)Ρ†, -Π°Ρ€, -ΠΈΡ‡ ΠΈ сл.), Π΄ΠΎΠΊ сС ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ лСксСма страног ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ˜Π° Π½Π°Ρ˜Ρ‡Π΅ΡˆΡ›Π΅ ствара ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° су ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ˜ΠΌΡ™Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ†Π΅ Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π΅ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ° -(Π°)Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€/-(ΠΈ)Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ ΠΈ -ист(Π°). ПосСбна паТња Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρƒ посвСћСна јС ΠΈ застарСлим ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ°- -Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ· Ρ‡ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ сС Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ ΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡ˜Π½Π΅ лСксичкС Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ – ΠΎΠ΄ ΡƒΠ·ΠΌΠΈΡ†Π°ΡšΠ° лСксСма Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ›Π΅Π³ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° страних лСксСма, ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ° старих ΠΈ појавС Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… занимања ΠΈ инструмСната ΠΈ сл. Π—Π°Π²Ρ€ΡˆΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π°Π²Ρ™Π° посвСћСна су ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ Ρƒ настави ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ˜ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ су ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρƒ наставном процСсу ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρƒ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ›Π΅Π³ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ° српског јСзика.The doctoral thesis focuses on the paronymyc relations between suffixed common nouns. The main aims of the thesis are: 1) initiating the systematic research of paronymy as the most neglected and marginalized paradigmatic lexical relation, which has managed to attract attention not only of lexicologists, but also of stylistics, normativists and methodologists in other environments, especially in Russia; 2) distinguishing more precise criteria and linguistic parameters for identifying paronyms and obtaining a more precise and complete definition of paronymy than those existing in relevant scientific literature; 3) ascertaining the answers to numerous questions that are posed in relation to paronymy, such as whether paronymy is a systematic phenomenon or not, whether paronyms occur exclusively in pairs (i.e. whether they always occur in binary relations), whether interchanging one paronym for another necessarily leads to mistake, what kind of relation exists between paronyms and same-root synonyms and how to make a more apparent distinction between these two relations, how polysemy affects relations between paronyms and other; 4) representing a broader scope of the changes that have happened in the lexical system, a subsystem that is most dynamic and most exposed to changes, from the middle of last century until today; 5) composing different word-formation and semantic classifications of paronyms; 6) highlighting the relation between paronyms and the norm, as well as the approach to paronymy in the teaching process and manners of its processing in descriptive dictionaries of contemporary Serbian language; 7) indicating the possibility of compiling a specialized dictionary of paronyms. As the primary source of material, the author uses the six-volume Dictionary of Serbo- Croatian Literary Language by Matica Srpska, whereas all other dictionaries have served as additional sources. During the materials analysis, the author has used different linguistic methods. Primarily, the descriptive method has been used to describe the excerpted material comprehensively. Furthermore, the author has used componential analysis, which is highly suitable for analyzing nouns with a factual meaning and separating semantic components which differentiate lexemes in paronymyc relations. In addition, the thesis has included the method of corpus linguistics in order to establish the actual status of the examined lexical units within the lexical system of contemporary Serbian language, based on the context in which they appear. Finally, in some pertinent parts, statistical methods have been employed. Through analyzing 2099 lexemes, which have occurred in the central part of the research, we have drawn various significant conclusions related to paronyms and their place within the lexical system. Namely, the thesis indicates that paronyms are located between synonyms on the one hand and word-formation lexemes on the other hand. In the latter case, we can discuss synoparonyms, parosynonyms, complete and incomplete paronyms, while acknowledging the influence of polysemy. Lexemes from the category of complete paronyms have further been divided into primary and secondary (induced), depending on whether the relation of paronymy is noted by the six-volume Dictionary or it has occurred in the process of desynonymization, as well as into contact and distant, depending on the level of their semantic closeness. If we exclude cumulative semantic structures of lexemes, we can discuss proper and improper paronyms. Meanings of paronyms have been analyzed in this paper both from the perspective of componential analysis, which has led to one of the most critical conclusions: that, for a large number of lexemes in the relation of paronymy, the archisem is different, whereas in other cases, some of the sems of lower rank occur, which, together with archisem, form a semantic core, or an identifier. The more the differentiated sem is peripheral, the farther the lexemes are from prototypical paronyms and closer to synonyms. Concerning the grammatical and categorical traits of analyzed paronyms, one of the most important conclusions is that they do not have to be necessarily of the same gender, as the existing literature usually notes, but that the gender does match in the majority of cases. Moreover, the author demonstrates that the relation of paronymy does not have to be exclusively established through binary relations but can occur through sequenced lexemes, although there are far more paronymyc pairs than sequences. Moreover, through the analysis of category membership of lexemes, we have concluded that most paronyms denote persons, followed by the names of instruments, and finally, the nouns with spatial meaning. Word formation analysis of paronyms has demonstrated that paronymy is a systematic phenomenon because it transpires within derivational nests as significant subsystems of the lexical, and thus linguistic, system in general, and not randomly among any lexical units. Rather, it is a very irregular and unpredictable linguistic phenomenon. Within the chapters, we have distinguished suffixes in which the creation of paronymyc relations occurs most frequently: in Serbian formants, there appears the relation between suffixes -lac and -telj, -ač and -lac, - ač and -telj, and more rarely in other suffixes (such as -(n)ik, -(a)c, -ar, -ič and other), while in the lexemes of foreign origin paronymy is mainly created when loan words are made of formants -(a)tor/-(i)tor and -ist(a). Special attention in the thesis has been dedicated to archaic paronyms and paronymsneologisms. Through their analysis, we can perceive numerous lexical tendencies – from the lexical retrieval of Serbian lexemes, the input of foreign lexemes, the disappearance of old professions and instruments, and appearance of new ones, and other. The final chapters are dedicated to paronymy in teaching and paronymy from the perspective of lexicography, in which the author suggests particular models for approaching paronyms in the teaching process and compiling a future dictionary of paronyms in Serbian
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