Programming Languages and Systems

This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 30th European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2021, which was held during March 27 until April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 24 papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 79 submissions. They deal with fundamental issues in the specification, design, analysis, and implementation of programming languages and systems

Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems

This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2020, which took place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, and was held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The total of 60 regular papers presented in these volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 155 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Program verification; SAT and SMT; Timed and Dynamical Systems; Verifying Concurrent Systems; Probabilistic Systems; Model Checking and Reachability; and Timed and Probabilistic Systems. Part II: Bisimulation; Verification and Efficiency; Logic and Proof; Tools and Case Studies; Games and Automata; and SV-COMP 2020

Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering

This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, FASE 2022, which was held during April 4-5, 2022, in Munich, Germany, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2022. The 17 regular papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 64 submissions. The proceedings also contain 3 contributions from the Test-Comp Competition. The papers deal with the foundations on which software engineering is built, including topics like software engineering as an engineering discipline, requirements engineering, software architectures, software quality, model-driven development, software processes, software evolution, AI-based software engineering, and the specification, design, and implementation of particular classes of systems, such as (self-)adaptive, collaborative, AI, embedded, distributed, mobile, pervasive, cyber-physical, or service-oriented applications

Combining Static and Dynamic Program Analysis Techniques for Checking Relational Properties

Die vorliegende Dissertation ist im Bereich der formalen Verifikation von Software angesiedelt. Sie behandelt die Überprüfung relationaler Eigenschaften von Computerprogrammen, d.h. solche Eigenschaften, die zwei oder mehr Programmausführungen betrachten. Die Dissertation konzentriert sich auf zwei spezifische relationale Eigenschaften: (1) Nichtinterferenz und (2) ob ein Programm ein Slice eines anderen Programms ist. Die Nichtinterferenz-Eigenschaft besagt, dass die Ausführung eines Programms mit den gleichen öffentlichen Eingaben die gleichen öffentlichen Ausgaben produziert und dies unabhängig von den geheimen Eingaben (z.B. eines Passworts) ist. Das bedeutet, dass die geheimen Eingaben die öffentlichen Ausgaben nicht beeinflussen. Programm-Slicing ist eine Technik zur Reduzierung eines Programms durch das Entfernen von Programmbefehlen, sodass ein spezifizierter Teil des Programmverhaltens erhalten bleibt, z.B. der Wert einer Variablen in einer Instruktion in dem Programm. Die Dissertation stellt Frameworks zur Verfügung, die es dem Nutzer ermöglichen, die obigen zwei Eigenschaften für ein gegebenes Programm zu analysieren. Die Dissertation erweitert den Stand der Technik in dem Bereich der Verifikation relationaler Eigenschaften, indem sie einerseits neue Ansätze zur Verfügung stellt und andererseits bereits existierende Ansätze miteinander kombiniert. Die Dissertation enthält jeweils einen Teil für die behandelten zwei relationalen Eigenschaften. $\textbf{Nichtinterferenz.}$ Das Framework zur Überprüfung der Nichtinterferenz stellt neue Ansätze für die automatische Testgenerierung und für das Debuggen des Programms zur Verfügung und kombiniert diese mit Ansätzen, die auf deduktiver Verifikation und Programmabhängigkeitsgraphen basieren. Der erste neue Ansatz ermöglicht die automatische Generierung von Nichtinterferenz-Tests. Er ermöglicht dem Nutzer, nach Verletzungen der Nichtinterferenz-Eigenschaft im Programm zu suchen und stellt zudem ein für relationale Eigenschaften passendes Abdeckungskriterium für die generierten Test-Suites zur Verfügung. Der zweite neue Ansatz ist ein relationaler Debugger zur Analyse von Nichtinterferenz-Gegenbeispielen. Er verwendet bekannte Konzepte des Programm-Debuggens und erweitert diese für die Analyse relationaler Eigenschaften. Um den Nutzer beim Beweisen der Nichtinterferenz-Eigenschaft zu unterstützen, kombiniert das Framework einen auf Programmabhängigkeitsgraphen basierenden Ansatz mit einem auf Logik basierenden Ansatz, der einen Theorembeweiser verwendet. Auf Programmabhängigkeitsgraphen basierende Ansätze berechnen die Abhängigkeiten zwischen den unterschiedlichen Programmteilen und überprüfen, ob die öffentliche Ausgabe von der geheimen Eingabe abhängt. Im Vergleich zu logik-basierten Ansätzen skalieren programmabhängigkeitsgraphen-basierte Ansätze besser. Allerdings, können sie Fehlalarme melden, da sie die Programmabhängigkeiten überapproximieren. Somit bestehen zwei weitere Beiträge des Frameworks in Kombinationen von programmabhängigkeitsgraphen- und logik basierten Ansätzen: (1) der programmabhängigkeitsgraphen basierte Ansatz vereinfacht das Programm, das danach vom logik basierten Ansatz überprüft wird und (2) der logik basierte Ansatz beweist, dass einige vom Programmabhängigkeitsgraphen-basierten Ansatz berechnete Abhängigkeiten Überapproximationen sind und aus der Analyse entfernt werden können. $\textbf{Programm-Slicing.}$ Der zweite Teil der Dissertation behandelt ein Framework für das automatische Programm-Slicing. Während die meisten zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Slicing-Ansätze nur eine syntaktische Programmanalyse durchführen, betrachtet dieses Framework auch die Programmsemantik und kann dadurch mehr Programmbefehle entfernen. Der erste Beitrag des Frameworks besteht aus einem Ansatz zur relationalen Verifikation, der erweitert wurde, um die Korrektheit eines Programm-Slice nachzuweisen, d.h. dass es das spezifizierte Verhalten des Originalprogramms bewahrt. Der Vorteil der Benutzung relationaler Verifikation ist, dass sie auf zwei ähnlichen Programmen automatisch läuft -- was bei einem Slice-Kandidaten und Originalprogramm der Fall ist. Somit, anders als bei den wenigen zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Ansätzen, die die Programmsemantik betrachten, ist dieser Ansatz automatisch. Der zweite Beitrag des Frameworks besteht aus einer neuen Strategie zur Generierung von Slice-Kandidaten durch durch die Verfeinerung von dynamischen Slices (für eine Eingabe gültigen Slices) mithilfe von der relationalen Verifikation gelieferte Gegenbeispiele

Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering

This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, FASE 2022, which was held during April 4-5, 2022, in Munich, Germany, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2022. The 17 regular papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 64 submissions. The proceedings also contain 3 contributions from the Test-Comp Competition. The papers deal with the foundations on which software engineering is built, including topics like software engineering as an engineering discipline, requirements engineering, software architectures, software quality, model-driven development, software processes, software evolution, AI-based software engineering, and the specification, design, and implementation of particular classes of systems, such as (self-)adaptive, collaborative, AI, embedded, distributed, mobile, pervasive, cyber-physical, or service-oriented applications

Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering

This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, FASE 2021, which took place during March 27–April 1, 2021, and was held as part of the Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg but changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 16 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. The book also contains 4 Test-Comp contributions

Techniques for Detection, Root Cause Diagnosis, and Classification of In-Production Concurrency Bugs

Concurrency bugs are at the heart of some of the worst bugs that plague software. Concurrency bugs slow down software development because it can take weeks or even months before developers can identify and fix them. In-production detection, root cause diagnosis, and classification of concurrency bugs is challenging. This is because these activities require heavyweight analyses such as exploring program paths and determining failing program inputs and schedules, all of which are not suited for software running in production. This dissertation develops practical techniques for the detection, root cause diagnosis, and classification of concurrency bugs for inproduction software. Furthermore, we develop ways for developers to better reason about concurrent programs. This dissertation builds upon the following principles: — The approach in this dissertation spans multiple layers of the system stack, because concurrency spans many layers of the system stack. — It performs most of the heavyweight analyses in-house and resorts to minimal in-production analysis in order to move the heavy lifting to where it is least disruptive. — It eschews custom hardware solutions that may be infeasible to implement in the real world. Relying on the aforementioned principles, this dissertation introduces: 1. Techniques to automatically detect concurrency bugs (data races and atomicity violations) in-production by combining in-house static analysis and in-production dynamic analysis. 2. A technique to automatically identify the root causes of in-production failures, with a particular emphasis on failures caused by concurrency bugs. 3. A technique that given a data race, automatically classifies it based on its potential consequence, allowing developers to answer questions such as “can the data race cause a crash or a hang?”, or “does the data race have any observable effect?”. We build a toolchain that implements all the aforementioned techniques. We show that the tools we develop in this dissertation are effective, incur low runtime performance overhead, and have high accuracy and precision

Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering 2020

This open access book provides an overview of the dissertations of the eleven nominees for the Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering in 2020. The prize, kindly sponsored by the Gerlind & Ernst Denert Stiftung, is awarded for excellent work within the discipline of Software Engineering, which includes methods, tools and procedures for better and efficient development of high quality software. An essential requirement for the nominated work is its applicability and usability in industrial practice. The book contains eleven papers that describe the works by Jonathan Brachthäuser (EPFL Lausanne) entitled What You See Is What You Get: Practical Effect Handlers in Capability-Passing Style, Mojdeh Golagha’s (Fortiss, Munich) thesis How to Effectively Reduce Failure Analysis Time?, Nikolay Harutyunyan’s (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) work on Open Source Software Governance, Dominic Henze’s (TU Munich) research about Dynamically Scalable Fog Architectures, Anne Hess’s (Fraunhofer IESE, Kaiserslautern) work on Crossing Disciplinary Borders to Improve Requirements Communication, Istvan Koren’s (RWTH Aachen U) thesis DevOpsUse: A Community-Oriented Methodology for Societal Software Engineering, Yannic Noller’s (NU Singapore) work on Hybrid Differential Software Testing, Dominic Steinhofel’s (TU Darmstadt) thesis entitled Ever Change a Running System: Structured Software Reengineering Using Automatically Proven-Correct Transformation Rules, Peter Wägemann’s (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) work Static Worst-Case Analyses and Their Validation Techniques for Safety-Critical Systems, Michael von Wenckstern’s (RWTH Aachen U) research on Improving the Model-Based Systems Engineering Process, and Franz Zieris’s (FU Berlin) thesis on Understanding How Pair Programming Actually Works in Industry: Mechanisms, Patterns, and Dynamics – which actually won the award. The chapters describe key findings of the respective works, show their relevance and applicability to practice and industrial software engineering projects, and provide additional information and findings that have only been discovered afterwards, e.g. when applying the results in industry. This way, the book is not only interesting to other researchers, but also to industrial software professionals who would like to learn about the application of state-of-the-art methods in their daily work

Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering 2020

This open access book provides an overview of the dissertations of the eleven nominees for the Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering in 2020. The prize, kindly sponsored by the Gerlind & Ernst Denert Stiftung, is awarded for excellent work within the discipline of Software Engineering, which includes methods, tools and procedures for better and efficient development of high quality software. An essential requirement for the nominated work is its applicability and usability in industrial practice. The book contains eleven papers that describe the works by Jonathan Brachthäuser (EPFL Lausanne) entitled What You See Is What You Get: Practical Effect Handlers in Capability-Passing Style, Mojdeh Golagha’s (Fortiss, Munich) thesis How to Effectively Reduce Failure Analysis Time?, Nikolay Harutyunyan’s (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) work on Open Source Software Governance, Dominic Henze’s (TU Munich) research about Dynamically Scalable Fog Architectures, Anne Hess’s (Fraunhofer IESE, Kaiserslautern) work on Crossing Disciplinary Borders to Improve Requirements Communication, Istvan Koren’s (RWTH Aachen U) thesis DevOpsUse: A Community-Oriented Methodology for Societal Software Engineering, Yannic Noller’s (NU Singapore) work on Hybrid Differential Software Testing, Dominic Steinhofel’s (TU Darmstadt) thesis entitled Ever Change a Running System: Structured Software Reengineering Using Automatically Proven-Correct Transformation Rules, Peter Wägemann’s (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) work Static Worst-Case Analyses and Their Validation Techniques for Safety-Critical Systems, Michael von Wenckstern’s (RWTH Aachen U) research on Improving the Model-Based Systems Engineering Process, and Franz Zieris’s (FU Berlin) thesis on Understanding How Pair Programming Actually Works in Industry: Mechanisms, Patterns, and Dynamics – which actually won the award. The chapters describe key findings of the respective works, show their relevance and applicability to practice and industrial software engineering projects, and provide additional information and findings that have only been discovered afterwards, e.g. when applying the results in industry. This way, the book is not only interesting to other researchers, but also to industrial software professionals who would like to learn about the application of state-of-the-art methods in their daily work