A Survey On Hybrid Routing Protocols In MANETS

Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that are arbitrarily located so that the interconnections between nodes are dynamically changing. A routing protocol is used to find routes between mobile nodes to facilitate communication wi thin the network. The main goal of such an ad hoc network routing protocol is to establish correct and efficient route between a pair of mobile nodes. Route should be discovered and maintained with a minimum of overhead and bandwidth consumption. There are number of routing protocols were proposed for ad hoc networks. T he objective of this paper is to create a taxonomy of the ad hoc hybrid routing protocols, and to survey and comp are each type of hybrid protocols. We try to show the requirements considered by the different hybrid protocols, the resource limitations under which they operate, and the design decisions made by the author

A Topology Based Routing Protocols Comparative Analysis for MANETs

MANET is a dynamic topology wireless network in which each mobile works as a sender and receiver wireless router. MANET have very low deployment cost, a low cost option to extend network coverage and ease of maintenance due to their self healing properties. MANETs are powered by batteries that have very limited capacity and it is a very important issue. The primary goal of MANET routing protocols is to find out an efficient route between any two mobile nodes with minimum time and less resource consumption. The MANET routing protocol designing is a very challenging due to various challenges such as the nodes have short battery life, small bandwidth, number of paths between source and destination, variable population of nodes and lose links. The central focus of this paper is to comparative study of different kinds of routing protocols and comparing on the basis of some common properties. Therefore, it is quite difficult to determine which protocols may perform best under a number of different network scenarios, such as increasing node density and traffic mobility. In this paper, we try to provide an overview of a topology based routing protocols proposed in the literature

Ad hoc network routing

An ad hoc network is composed of nodes that may move arbitrarily and without the support of a stationary infrastructure. The dynamic nature of ad hoc networks makes it very challenging to realize routing and deliver data packets efficiently. This article discusses the challenges of ad hoc network routing, surveys existing routing algorithms, and provides a comparison of these algorithms.published_or_final_versio

Performance Comparison of ZHLP and M-ZHLP under Black Hole for Manet

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are a type of Wireless ad-hoc network that usually has a routable networking environment on top of an end-to-end Link Layer (LL) ad-hoc network.  MANETs consist of a hop-to-hop, self-arrangement and self-configure network in contrast to a mobile network has a central controller.  The solutions may not always be sufficient, as ad-hoc networks have their own vulnerabilities that cannot be addressed by these IDS solutions.  In the network, some active attacks un-forward capacity nodes pretend to be intermediate nodes of a route to some given targets, drop any packet that subsequently goes through it, is one of the main types of attack.  In this research paper, they propose black-hole attacks an analysis method to detect malicious nodes in MANETs, the mechanism is cooperative hence the protocol work cooperatively together so that they can analyze, detect malicious nodes in a reliable manner.  To verify our developed scheme by running through Network Simulations 2 (NS2) with mobile nodes using hybrid routing protocol namely, Modified - Zone based Hierarchical Link State (M-ZHLS) routing protocol.  It is observed that the black hole and malicious node detection rate is very good, reduced average delay and also increased packet delivery ratio compare Zone based Hierarchical Link State (ZHLS) routing protocol  when there is a change of mobility speed and varying topology size

A Performance Study of Dynamic Zone Topology Routing Protocol

In this paper we present a simulation study of a hybrid routing protocol we proposed in our previous work. Our hybrid routing strategy is called Dynamic Zone Topology Routing protocol (DZTR). This protocol has been designed to provide scalable routing in a Mobile Ad hoc Networking (MANET) environment. DZTR breaks the network into a number of zones by using a GPS. The topology of each zone is maintained proactively and the route to the nodes in other zones are determined reactively. DZTR proposes a number of different strategies to reduce routing overhead in large networks and reduce the single point of failure during data forwarding. In this paper, we propose a number of improvements for DZTR and investigate its performance using simulations. We compare the performance of DZTR against AODV, LAR1 and LPAR. Our results show that DZTR has fewer routing overheads than the other simulated routing protocols and achieves higher levels of scalability as the size and the density of the network is increased

A Study on Advancements on the Zone Routing Protocol of Hybrid Ad Hoc Networks

The Ad hoc networks are decentralized type of wireless network. The ad hoc networks incorporate several protocols that are used to mainly serve the process of communication from one node to another. The routing protocols are categorized as Reactive and Proactive Routing Protocols. To overcome the disadvantages of these both, the Hybrid Routing Protocol has been proposed. Zone Routing Protocol is one such Hybrid Ad Hoc Network. This paper mainly focuses on the enhancements made on the Zone Routing Protocol and evaluated against few parameters. Each enhancement is carefully studied and analyzed for their characteristics and compared to the Zone Routing Protocol