60,451 research outputs found
Detectability of CMB tensor B modes via delensing with weak lensing galaxy surveys
We analyze the possibility of delensing CMB polarization maps using
foreground weak lensing (WL) information. We build an estimator of the CMB
lensing potential out of optimally combined projected potential estimators to
different source redshift bins. Our estimator is most sensitive to the redshift
depth of the WL survey, less so to the shape noise level. Estimators built
using galaxy surveys like LSST and SNAP yield a 30-50% reduction in the lensing
B-mode power. We illustrate the potential advantages of a 21-cm survey by
considering a fiducial WL survey for which we take the redshift depth zmax and
the effective angular concentration of sources n as free parameters. For a
noise level of 1 muK arcmin in the polarization map itself, as projected for a
CMBPol experiment, and a beam with FWHM=10 arcmin, we find that going to
zmax=20 at n=100 gal/sqarcmin yields a delensing performance similar to that of
a quadratic lensing potential estimator applied to small-scale CMB maps: the
lensing B-mode contamination is reduced by almost an order of magnitude. In
this case, there is also a reduction by a factor of ~4 in the detectability
threshold of the tensor B-mode power. At this CMB noise level, there is little
gain from sources with zmax>20. The delensing gains are lost if the CMB beam
exceeds ~20 arcmin. The delensing efficiency and useful zmax depend acutely on
the CMB map noise level, but beam sizes below 10 arcmin do not help. Delensing
via foreground sources does not require arcminute-resolution CMB observations,
a substantial practical advantage over the use of CMB observables for
delensing.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in Physical Review
New Techniques for High-Contrast Imaging with ADI: the ACORNS-ADI SEEDS Data Reduction Pipeline
We describe Algorithms for Calibration, Optimized Registration, and Nulling
the Star in Angular Differential Imaging (ACORNS-ADI), a new, parallelized
software package to reduce high-contrast imaging data, and its application to
data from the SEEDS survey. We implement several new algorithms, including a
method to register saturated images, a trimmed mean for combining an image
sequence that reduces noise by up to ~20%, and a robust and computationally
fast method to compute the sensitivity of a high-contrast observation
everywhere on the field-of-view without introducing artificial sources. We also
include a description of image processing steps to remove electronic artifacts
specific to Hawaii2-RG detectors like the one used for SEEDS, and a detailed
analysis of the Locally Optimized Combination of Images (LOCI) algorithm
commonly used to reduce high-contrast imaging data. ACORNS-ADI is written in
python. It is efficient and open-source, and includes several optional features
which may improve performance on data from other instruments. ACORNS-ADI
requires minimal modification to reduce data from instruments other than
HiCIAO. It is freely available for download at
www.github.com/t-brandt/acorns-adi under a BSD license.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, accepted to ApJ. Replaced with accepted version;
mostly minor changes. Software update
Acoustic echo and noise canceller for personal hands-free video IP phone
This paper presents implementation and evaluation of a proposed acoustic echo and noise canceller (AENC) for videotelephony-enabled personal hands-free Internet protocol (IP) phones. This canceller has the following features: noise-robust performance, low processing delay, and low computational complexity. The AENC employs an adaptive digital filter (ADF) and noise reduction (NR) methods that can effectively eliminate undesired acoustic echo and background noise included in a microphone signal even in a noisy environment. The ADF method uses the step-size control approach according to the level of disturbance such as background noise; it can minimize the effect of disturbance in a noisy environment. The NR method estimates the noise level under an assumption that the noise amplitude spectrum is constant in a short period, which cannot be applied to the amplitude spectrum of speech. In addition, this paper presents the method for decreasing the computational complexity of the ADF process without increasing the processing delay to make the processing suitable for real-time implementation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AENC suppresses echo and noise sufficiently in a noisy environment; thus, resulting in natural-sounding speech
A physics-based approach to flow control using system identification
Control of amplifier flows poses a great challenge, since the influence of environmental noise sources and measurement contamination is a crucial component in the design of models and the subsequent performance of the controller. A modelbased approach that makes a priori assumptions on the noise characteristics often yields unsatisfactory results when the true noise environment is different from the assumed one. An alternative approach is proposed that consists of a data-based systemidentification technique for modelling the flow; it avoids the model-based shortcomings by directly incorporating noise influences into an auto-regressive (ARMAX) design. This technique is applied to flow over a backward-facing step, a typical example of a noise-amplifier flow. Physical insight into the specifics of the flow is used to interpret and tailor the various terms of the auto-regressive model. The designed compensator shows an impressive performance as well as a remarkable robustness to increased noise levels and to off-design operating conditions. Owing to its reliance on only timesequences of observable data, the proposed technique should be attractive in the design of control strategies directly from experimental data and should result in effective compensators that maintain performance in a realistic disturbance environment
A Generalized Framework on Beamformer Design and CSI Acquisition for Single-Carrier Massive MIMO Systems in Millimeter Wave Channels
In this paper, we establish a general framework on the reduced dimensional
channel state information (CSI) estimation and pre-beamformer design for
frequency-selective massive multiple-input multiple-output MIMO systems
employing single-carrier (SC) modulation in time division duplex (TDD) mode by
exploiting the joint angle-delay domain channel sparsity in millimeter (mm)
wave frequencies. First, based on a generic subspace projection taking the
joint angle-delay power profile and user-grouping into account, the reduced
rank minimum mean square error (RR-MMSE) instantaneous CSI estimator is derived
for spatially correlated wideband MIMO channels. Second, the statistical
pre-beamformer design is considered for frequency-selective SC massive MIMO
channels. We examine the dimension reduction problem and subspace (beamspace)
construction on which the RR-MMSE estimation can be realized as accurately as
possible. Finally, a spatio-temporal domain correlator type reduced rank
channel estimator, as an approximation of the RR-MMSE estimate, is obtained by
carrying out least square (LS) estimation in a proper reduced dimensional
beamspace. It is observed that the proposed techniques show remarkable
robustness to the pilot interference (or contamination) with a significant
reduction in pilot overhead
Sparse PCA: Optimal rates and adaptive estimation
Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most commonly used
statistical procedures with a wide range of applications. This paper considers
both minimax and adaptive estimation of the principal subspace in the high
dimensional setting. Under mild technical conditions, we first establish the
optimal rates of convergence for estimating the principal subspace which are
sharp with respect to all the parameters, thus providing a complete
characterization of the difficulty of the estimation problem in term of the
convergence rate. The lower bound is obtained by calculating the local metric
entropy and an application of Fano's lemma. The rate optimal estimator is
constructed using aggregation, which, however, might not be computationally
feasible. We then introduce an adaptive procedure for estimating the principal
subspace which is fully data driven and can be computed efficiently. It is
shown that the estimator attains the optimal rates of convergence
simultaneously over a large collection of the parameter spaces. A key idea in
our construction is a reduction scheme which reduces the sparse PCA problem to
a high-dimensional multivariate regression problem. This method is potentially
also useful for other related problems.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOS1178 the Annals of
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
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