6,867 research outputs found
Frequency-dependent AVO attribute: theory and example
Fluid-saturated rocks generally have seismic velocities that depend upon frequency. Exploring this property may help us discriminate different fluids from seismic data. In this paper, we introduce a scheme to calculate a frequency-dependent AVO attribute in order to estimate seismic dispersion from pre-stack data, and apply it to North Sea data. The scheme essentially combines the two-term approximation of Smith and Gidlow (1987) with the method of spectral decomposition based on the Wigner-Ville distribution, which is used to achieve high resolution. The result suggests the potential of this method for detection of seismic dispersion due to fluid saturation
Principled Design and Implementation of Steerable Detectors
We provide a complete pipeline for the detection of patterns of interest in
an image. In our approach, the patterns are assumed to be adequately modeled by
a known template, and are located at unknown position and orientation. We
propose a continuous-domain additive image model, where the analyzed image is
the sum of the template and an isotropic background signal with self-similar
isotropic power-spectrum. The method is able to learn an optimal steerable
filter fulfilling the SNR criterion based on one single template and background
pair, that therefore strongly responds to the template, while optimally
decoupling from the background model. The proposed filter then allows for a
fast detection process, with the unknown orientation estimation through the use
of steerability properties. In practice, the implementation requires to
discretize the continuous-domain formulation on polar grids, which is performed
using radial B-splines. We demonstrate the practical usefulness of our method
on a variety of template approximation and pattern detection experiments
Redshift-Space Enhancement of Line-of-Sight Baryon Acoustic Oscillations in the SDSS Main-Galaxy Sample
We show that redshift-space distortions of galaxy correlations have a strong
effect on correlation functions with distinct, localized features, like the
signature of the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). Near the line of sight,
the features become sharper as a result of redshift-space distortions. We
demonstrate this effect by measuring the correlation function in Gaussian
simulations and the Millennium Simulation. We also analyze the SDSS DR7
main-galaxy sample (MGS), splitting the sample into slices 2.5 degrees on the
sky in various rotations. Measuring 2D correlation functions in each slice, we
do see a sharp bump along the line of sight. Using Mexican-hat wavelets, we
localize it to (110 +/- 10) Mpc/h. Averaging only along the line of sight, we
estimate its significance at a particular wavelet scale and location at 2.2
sigma. In a flat angular weighting in the (pi,r_p) coordinate system, the noise
level is suppressed, pushing the bump's significance to 4 sigma. We estimate
that there is about a 0.2% chance of getting such a signal anywhere in the
vicinity of the BAO scale from a power spectrum lacking a BAO feature. However,
these estimates of the significances make some use of idealized Gaussian
simulations, and thus are likely a bit optimistic.Comment: 17 pages, 27 figures. Minor changes to match final version accepted
to Ap
The Brera Multi-scale Wavelet (BMW) ROSAT HRI source catalog. II: application to the HRI and first results
The wavelet detection algorithm (WDA) described in the accompanying paper by
Lazzati et al. is made suited for a fast and efficient analysis of images taken
with the High Resolution Imager (HRI) instrument on board the ROSAT satellite.
An extensive testing is carried out on the detection pipeline: HRI fields with
different exposure times are simulated and analysed in the same fashion as the
real data. Positions are recovered with few arcsecond errors, whereas fluxes
are within a factor of two from their input values in more than 90% of the
cases in the deepest images. At variance with the ``sliding-box'' detection
algorithms, the WDA provides also a reliable description of the source
extension, allowing for a complete search of e.g. supernova remnant or cluster
of galaxies in the HRI fields. A completeness analysis on simulated fields
shows that for the deepest exposures considered (~120 ks) a limiting flux of
\~3x10^{-15} erg/cm2/s can be reached over the entire field of view. We test
the algorithm on real HRI fields selected for their crowding and/or presence of
extended or bright sources (e.g. cluster of galaxies and of stars, supernova
remnants). We show that our algorithm compares favorably with other X-ray
detection algorithms such as XIMAGE and EXSAS. A complete catalog will result
from our analysis: it will consist of the Brera Multi-scale Wavelet Bright
Source Catalog (BMW-BSC) with sources detected with a significance >4.5 sigma
and of the Faint Source Catalog (BMW-FSC) with sources at >3.5 sigma. A
conservative estimate based on the extragalactic log(N)-log(S) indicates that
at least 16000 sources will be revealed in the complete analysis of the whole
HRI dataset.Comment: 6 pages, 11 PostScript figures, 1 gif figure, ApJ in pres
A Wavelet-Based Algorithm for the Spatial Analysis of Poisson Data
Wavelets are scaleable, oscillatory functions that deviate from zero only
within a limited spatial regime and have average value zero. In addition to
their use as source characterizers, wavelet functions are rapidly gaining
currency within the source detection field. Wavelet-based source detection
involves the correlation of scaled wavelet functions with binned,
two-dimensional image data. If the chosen wavelet function exhibits the
property of vanishing moments, significantly non-zero correlation coefficients
will be observed only where there are high-order variations in the data; e.g.,
they will be observed in the vicinity of sources.
In this paper, we describe the mission-independent, wavelet-based source
detection algorithm WAVDETECT, part of the CIAO software package. Aspects of
our algorithm include: (1) the computation of local, exposure-corrected
normalized (i.e. flat-fielded) background maps; (2) the correction for exposure
variations within the field-of-view; (3) its applicability within the
low-counts regime, as it does not require a minimum number of background counts
per pixel for the accurate computation of source detection thresholds; (4) the
generation of a source list in a manner that does not depend upon a detailed
knowledge of the point spread function (PSF) shape; and (5) error analysis.
These features make our algorithm considerably more general than previous
methods developed for the analysis of X-ray image data, especially in the low
count regime. We demonstrate the algorithm's robustness by applying it to
various images.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap. J. Supp. (v. 138 Jan. 2002). 61
pages, 23 figures, expands to 3.8 Mb. Abstract abridged for astro-ph
submissio
Quantum Image Processing and Its Application to Edge Detection: Theory and Experiment
Processing of digital images is continuously gaining in volume and relevance,
with concomitant demands on data storage, transmission and processing power.
Encoding the image information in quantum-mechanical systems instead of
classical ones and replacing classical with quantum information processing may
alleviate some of these challenges. By encoding and processing the image
information in quantum-mechanical systems, we here demonstrate the framework of
quantum image processing, where a pure quantum state encodes the image
information: we encode the pixel values in the probability amplitudes and the
pixel positions in the computational basis states. Our quantum image
representation reduces the required number of qubits compared to existing
implementations, and we present image processing algorithms that provide
exponential speed-up over their classical counterparts. For the commonly used
task of detecting the edge of an image, we propose and implement a quantum
algorithm that completes the task with only one single-qubit operation,
independent of the size of the image. This demonstrates the potential of
quantum image processing for highly efficient image and video processing in the
big data era.Comment: 13 pages, including 9 figures and 5 appendixe
Exact reconstruction with directional wavelets on the sphere
A new formalism is derived for the analysis and exact reconstruction of
band-limited signals on the sphere with directional wavelets. It represents an
evolution of the wavelet formalism developed by Antoine & Vandergheynst (1999)
and Wiaux et al. (2005). The translations of the wavelets at any point on the
sphere and their proper rotations are still defined through the continuous
three-dimensional rotations. The dilations of the wavelets are directly defined
in harmonic space through a new kernel dilation, which is a modification of an
existing harmonic dilation. A family of factorized steerable functions with
compact harmonic support which are suitable for this kernel dilation is firstly
identified. A scale discretized wavelet formalism is then derived, relying on
this dilation. The discrete nature of the analysis scales allows the exact
reconstruction of band-limited signals. A corresponding exact multi-resolution
algorithm is finally described and an implementation is tested. The formalism
is of interest notably for the denoising or the deconvolution of signals on the
sphere with a sparse expansion in wavelets. In astrophysics, it finds a
particular application for the identification of localized directional features
in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data, such as the imprint of
topological defects, in particular cosmic strings, and for their reconstruction
after separation from the other signal components.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures. Version 2 matches version accepted for
publication in MNRAS. Version 3 (identical to version 2) posted for code
release announcement - "Steerable scale discretised wavelets on the sphere" -
S2DW code available for download at
http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/~jdm57/software.htm
Unified Heat Kernel Regression for Diffusion, Kernel Smoothing and Wavelets on Manifolds and Its Application to Mandible Growth Modeling in CT Images
We present a novel kernel regression framework for smoothing scalar surface
data using the Laplace-Beltrami eigenfunctions. Starting with the heat kernel
constructed from the eigenfunctions, we formulate a new bivariate kernel
regression framework as a weighted eigenfunction expansion with the heat kernel
as the weights. The new kernel regression is mathematically equivalent to
isotropic heat diffusion, kernel smoothing and recently popular diffusion
wavelets. Unlike many previous partial differential equation based approaches
involving diffusion, our approach represents the solution of diffusion
analytically, reducing numerical inaccuracy and slow convergence. The numerical
implementation is validated on a unit sphere using spherical harmonics. As an
illustration, we have applied the method in characterizing the localized growth
pattern of mandible surfaces obtained in CT images from subjects between ages 0
and 20 years by regressing the length of displacement vectors with respect to
the template surface.Comment: Accepted in Medical Image Analysi
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